Across
- 3. The carpenter from New Jersey who first found "glittering flakes" and began the Gold Rush.
- 9. California became the 31st one of these in 1850.
- 12. Life in California was "rough and rowdy" because the population had very few of them.
- 18. Problems like smallpox and measles that "devastated" the Native American population.
- 19. Places run by women where they made a living housing and cooking for miners.
- 21. These large companies eventually replaced individual miners with "industrial mining."
- 22. A 1940s conflict in China that caused many immigrants to seek a better life in America.
- 24. A cruel 1860allowed whites to take ____________ Indian children as slaves and force them to serve well into adulthood.
- 25. he belief that it was a "god-given right" for white Americans to spread their civilization across the continent.
- 26. The nickname for the tens of thousands of people who rushed to California (and an NFL team).
- 27. This state's population exploded after the gold was discovered in the American River.
- 29. The longest sea route to California was traveling around this southern tip of South America.
- 30. The country with a "shortcut" route where travelers had to cross a jungle and face yellow fever.
Down
- 1. The event that "fuelled the westward push" and brought a flood of fortune seekers to the Pacific Coast.
- 2. The number of American Indians remaining in 1870, down from 150,000 before the rush.
- 4. The question of whether or not this would be allowed in California sparked a massive debate.
- 5. The old name for Hawaii, one of the first places to send migrants after the news of gold.
- 6. Debris created by blasting these mountains with advanced mining methods blocked rivers, caused floods, and devastated farms and ecosystems.
- 7. The dollar amount of gold pulled from the ground in the year 1849 alone.
- 8. The simplest and slowest method of collecting gold using a shallow container.
- 10. The President who confirmed the discovery in late 1848, causing the rush to ignite.
- 11. In some places, American miners were rewarded for killing American Indians and cutting off these body parts.
- 13. The state where the 2,000-mile overland trail to California began.
- 14. Claim Jumping: The term for taking over a marked mining site that was not being worked.
- 15. Before it became a state, California had no government or any of these to control mining and behavior.
- 16. A monthly $20 fee used to discriminate against and drive out Mexican and Chinese miners.
- 17. A type of mining that used "powerful jets of water" to blast away hillsides.
- 20. A wooden box on "curved runners" that a miner would shovel dirt into and shake from side to side.
- 23. The city where most passengers got off their ships when they arrived in California that became a major city.
- 28. The country where many people left because of "poor economic conditions" and crossed the Pacific Ocean seeking riches.