Across
- 4. A large volcanic crater, formed by the collapse of the volcano summit as the result of a major eruption.
- 5. A tectonic plate made up of light rocks that forms the continents.
- 6. The semi-solid, thick, very hot layer beneath the crust.
- 11. The solid surface of the Earth (including the seafloor beneath the oceans).
- 13. The average number of years between eruptions; this gives a measure of how often or how rarely a volcano erupts.
- 14. The location where tectonic plates collide and one sinks under the other, destroying rock.
- 15. A property of a substance meaning liquefied by heat.
- 17. A steep-sided, often cone-shaped volcanic peak, formed by layers of ash, relatively sticky lava and other eruption products.
- 19. A linear volcanic vent or vents through which lava and gases erupt.
- 20. An indicator used to describe and compare eruption size based on the volume of material erupted by a volcano.
Down
- 1. A broad, dome-shaped volcano with gently sloping sides formed by layers of relatively fluid lava.
- 2. A tectonic plate at the bottom of the ocean made of dark rocks.
- 3. The melted material from the mantle and crust while it is beneath the surface of the earth.
- 5. To change a liquid material into a solid by removing or releasing thermal energy.
- 7. The emission of volcanic products such as lava, ash, and gases from a volcano; as a geologic process, volcanic eruptions usually occur as sudden events.
- 8. The location where tectonic plates separate and new rock is formed.
- 9. Volcanic regions generated by a mantle plume originating from the mantle that melts through the overlying plate, not related to tectonic plate boundaries.
- 10. A large piece of Earth’s crust that is on top of the mantle
- 12. To change a solid material into liquid by adding thermal energy.
- 16. A special kind of solid which has a regular shape, often with shiny surfaces.
- 18. Melted rock that is emitted from a volcano or vent and flows onto the surface; also refers to the hardened rock that forms as it cools.