Across
- 2. Boundary a place where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.
- 7. the innermost layer of Earth, consisting of a liquid outer core and a solid inner core.
- 8. the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, or biological activity.
- 10. Boundary a place where two tectonic plates move apart.
- 11. Boundary a place where two tectonic plates move toward each other.
- 13. the soft, plastic-like layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere moves.
- 15. Ridge an underwater mountain chain where new ocean floor is created at a divergent boundary.
- 18. the thick, middle layer of Earth beneath the crust, made of semi-solid rock.
- 19. Plates large pieces of the lithosphere that move and cause geological activity.
- 21. Line the surface trace of a fault, often associated with earthquake activity.
- 22. Time Scale a timeline of Earth’s history based on rock and fossil evidence.
- 23. Spreading the process by which new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and spreads outward.
- 24. Deformation the bending, breaking, or changing of Earth's crust due to tectonic forces.
- 26. Tectonics the theory that Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates that move over the asthenosphere.
- 28. of Fire a major area in the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur.
- 31. Cycle the continuous process by which rocks are formed, changed, and recycled.
- 36. Spot a fixed source of magma that creates volcanic islands as plates move over it.
- 38. a mountain formed from lava and ash erupting through Earth’s crust.
- 39. the point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus.
- 40. Drift the hypothesis that continents have moved across Earth's surface to their current locations.
- 42. Dating determining the actual age of a rock or fossil using radioactive decay.
- 44. the location within Earth where an earthquake begins.
- 46. Record all the fossils ever found and the information they provide about past life.
Down
- 1. the rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and uppermost mantle.
- 2. a deep area in the ocean floor created at a subduction zone.
- 3. Crust the thinner part of Earth’s crust that lies beneath the ocean floor.
- 4. Crust the thick part of Earth’s crust that forms the continents.
- 5. Currents circular currents in the mantle caused by heat from Earth's core.
- 6. Fossil a fossil used to define and identify geologic periods.
- 9. Dating a method of dating rocks using the decay rate of radioactive isotopes.
- 12. Dating determining the age of rocks by comparing their placement with that of other layers.
- 14. molten rock beneath Earth’s surface.
- 15. Rock rock that has been changed by heat, pressure, or chemical processes.
- 16. a supercontinent that existed millions of years ago and broke apart due to plate movement.
- 17. a fracture or break in Earth's crust where movement has occurred.
- 20. the laying down of sediments in a new location.
- 25. the process by which one tectonic plate sinks beneath another.
- 27. the shaking of Earth's surface caused by sudden movement along a fault.
- 28. Scale a scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.
- 29. Waves energy waves released during an earthquake that travel through Earth.
- 30. Rock rock formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments.
- 32. molten rock that has reached Earth’s surface.
- 33. the process that raises portions of Earth’s surface.
- 34. Rock rock formed from cooled magma or lava.
- 35. the preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past.
- 37. the outermost solid layer of the Earth, composed of rock.
- 41. the movement of weathered materials from one location to another.
- 43. a bend in layers of rock caused by pressure.
- 45. Valley a deep valley formed as tectonic plates move apart on land.