Across
- 3. type of force that destroys and wear away landmasses through processes like erosion and weather
- 4. a rock that is usually a light color and has coarse grains and makes up most of the continental crust
- 5. a type of weathering in which the surface of a rock is scratched and physically worn away.
- 9. the process of moving things from one place to another.
- 11. All the living things on Earth. It comes from the word “Bio” which means “life.”
- 14. a rock made from cemented sand grains.
- 16. type of force that shapes the land’s surface by building up mountains and other landmasses.
- 19. The area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends.
- 21. the ability to do work
- 22. layer of earth that is made mostly of the metals iron and nickel, and consists of two parts
- 23. transfer of thermal energy between materials because of collisions between particles
- 25. the amount of space that matter occupies
- 27. this layer is formed with the crust and rigid upper mantle, and is above the asthenosphere
- 28. a rate of inclination; a slope
- 30. chemical weathering of minerals into clay.
- 33. All the gases surrounding the earth. It comes from the word “Atmos” which means “air.”
- 34. the rigid layer of the lower-mantle and extends down to Earth’s core
- 36. a process in which rocks are transformed and worn away by chemical reactions.
- 38. a hard rock made of interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, mica, and other minerals.
- 39. a dense sphere of solid metal
- 40. All the oceans, rivers, lakes and water on Earth. It comes from the word “Hydro” which means “water.”
- 41. the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another
- 42. vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
- 43. a process of mechanical weathering in which water seeps into cracks and freezes.
Down
- 1. crust that lies beneath the ocean
- 2. transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by electromagnetic waves
- 6. the soft layer of the upper-mantle on which the lithosphere floats
- 7. Movement caused by warm fluids rising and cooler fluids sinking.
- 8. the amount of matter in an object
- 10. a rock that forms from compacted mud and silt.
- 12. A description of surface features of land.
- 13. a process in which rocks are physically worn away without changing their chemical composition.
- 15. layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core
- 16. the crust that forms the continents
- 17. a type of chemical weathering in which iron reacts with oxygen to produce iron oxide, or rust.
- 18. the layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface, which includes both dry land and the ocean floor
- 20. the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume
- 24. process of breaking down of rocks and land due to forces such as gravity, wind, water and ice
- 26. the layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core
- 29. Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations
- 31. All the rock, soil and sediments that makeup Earth’s land. It comes from the word “Geo” which means “Earth.”
- 32. dark, fine-grained rock that makes up most of the oceanic crust
- 35. the physical force exerted on an object
- 37. a process in which a solid becomes a part of a liquid to form a solution