Across
- 2. - the humorous use of words that sound the same or nearly the same but differ in meaning. Example: “to make biscuits, you need two cups of flower”.
- 4. - harsh or bitter verbal irony in what one is saying.
- 8. - a less offensive way of saying something negative; e.g., “pass away” instead of “die”.
- 9. - the way a language is spoken in a particular region or place.
- 10. - is a poetic device which uses words to address to someone or something absent or silent, as if it were present and alive, or capable to making a reply.
- 11. - pattern of accented and unaccented, stressed and unstressed, syllables in written or spoken language.
- 13. - the overall feeling (e.g., light and happy or dark and brooding) created by an author’s choice of words.
- 15. - the stress or focus on a part or a whole. In writing, emphasis can help specific elements stand out for the reader.
- 19. - a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, without using the words like or as; e.g., “You are a dog.”
- 21. - something concrete, such as a person, object, image, word, or event that represents something abstract, such as a feeling, emotion, idea or concept; may be very recognizable and common to many people (e.g., religious symbols, national flags, logos, etc.); often used to reinforce meaning.
- 23. device - terms used to describe features of poetic writing (e.g., alliteration, simile, meter, etc.)
- 24. Poetry - expresses the writer's personal or inner feelings. Many old poems were originally written as songs. The term is derived from the word 'lyre' which is a type of musical instrument.
- 26. - a comparison between two things sharing some similar qualities, usually for the purpose of explanation or clarification; e.g., comparing a computer to a human brain.
- 27. - the associations a word or image evokes that go beyond the literal meaning; e.g., “home” connotes “comfort, love, security”, etc.
- 28. - two lines of verse with similar end-rhymes.
- 29. verse – a form of modern poetry that does not follow a set rhythm or rhyme.
- 33. - combining clues in the text with prior knowledge to draw conclusions about objects, actions, locations, time, cause or effects, feelings, pastimes or occupations.
- 35. - a fixed mental picture that one draws upon in making judgments instead of taking a fresh, open-minded look each time; e.g., all teenagers are troublemakers.
- 38. impression or image - the central thought or object that stands out in a work,
- 39. critically - evaluating a piece of work and making value judgments about the work.
- 40. - a sudden grasp of reality is achieved in a quick flash or recognition in which something, usually simple and commonplace is seen in a new light.
- 41. devices - techniques or words used to create a particular effect; include allusion, flashback, foreshadowing, imagery, symbolism, metaphor, simile, sound devices, etc. include character, plot, setting, point of view, style, conflict, voice, theme, etc. used in fiction, poetry, drama, etc.
- 44. Verse - poetry written with regular metre/rhythm but unrhymed lines, almost always in iambic pentameter.
- 45. - the repetition of the beginning sounds in groups of words, usually at the beginning of a word or stressed syllable; e.g., descending dew drops; luscious lemons
- 46. - the close repetition of the same vowel sounds between different consonants; e.g., brave – vain; lone – show; feel – sleet.
- 47. - a type of lyric poem that expresses sadness for someone who had died; traditionally a solemn meditation on a serious subject.
Down
- 1. - a long, narrative poem dealing with the actions of legendary men and women or the history of nations, often presented in a good ceremonious style.
- 3. - language that creates pictures in a reader’s mind to bring life to the experiences and feelings described in a poem; words that appeal to the reader’s senses and enables us to see (visual), hear (auditory), smell (olfactory), taste (gustatory), and touch (tactile) what the writer is describing.
- 5. - a comparison between two unlike things using like or as; e.g., “My love is like a red, red rose.”
- 6. - a narrative poem or song that tells a popular story, often of physical courage or love.
- 7. - to place close together or side by side, especially for comparison and contrast.
- 11. - a phrase, line, or lines repeated in a poem; often called the chorus in song lyrics.
- 12. - writing intended to elicit an emotional response from the reader without conventions of prose; includes ballad, sonnet, limerick, eulogy, free verse, haiku, lyrics, narrative poems, shape/concrete poems, syllable/word-count poems, formula poems (haiku, cinquain, sonnet, etc.).
- 14. - the sound of a word resembling its meaning, e.g., buzz, hiss, etc.
- 16. - a figure of speech in which contradictory words are placed together for the purpose of expressing deep feelings, or to emphasize a point; e.g., cold fire, feather of lead, honourable villain, silent speech.
- 17. - the speaker who tells the story; may be a character that participates in the story or may be the author of a story or poem; speaker and author are not always the same.
- 18. - the same sound occurring in different words.
- 20. - an exaggerated statement used not to deceive, but for humorous or dramatic effect; e.g., “It rained cats and dogs.”
- 22. - the author’s choice of words, the vocabulary level of the story; e.g., slang, colloquial, formal.
- 25. - a reference to a familiar literary or historical person or event, used to make an idea more easily understood; e.g. “He was a real Romeo”.
- 29. language - language that uses figures of speech, such as simile, metaphor, personification, and alliteration; used extensively to create imagery.
- 30. - smaller division within a genre; i.e., poetry is a genre; haiku, a type of poetry, is a form of the genre.
- 31. - the author’s attitude towards the subject that he/she is writing about such as anger or approval, pride or piety, joy or pain.
- 32. - a literary device in which human qualities or actions are attributed to non-human beings or objects.
- 34. meaning/language - language that means exactly what it says.
- 36. - the deliberate use of the same word, words, or events to create an effect.
- 37. - a speech or essay written in praise of a person, usually soon after the subject’s death.
- 42. - a stanza in a poem is what a paragraph is to a piece of prose – stanzas are separated from one another by the use of spaces within a poem.
- 43. - a blend of wit, irony, and humor used to reveal and criticize human characteristics.