Across
- 2. the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of pressure from loading. This forms part of the process of lithification.
- 5. material has been transported as solid particles. ... The particles themselves may have derived from either physical weathering or chemical weathering. Sedimentation means settling from a fluid, either water or air.
- 7. layers of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that was formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.
- 11. the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation
- 14. soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed from consolidated mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile slabs.
- 15. sedimentary rock consisting of sand or quartz grains cemented together, typically red, yellow, or brown in color.
- 17. clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts. A conglomerate typically contain a matrix of finer grained sediments, such as sand, silt, or clay, which fills the interstices between the clasts.
- 18. a terrestrial sedimentary rock, formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals from solution in ground and surface waters, or geothermally heated hot-springs. Similar (but softer and extremely porous) deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa.
- 19. sedimentary rock that is composed either wholly or almost entirely of the transported, abraded, and mechanically sorted fragments of the shells of mollusks, trilobites, brachiopods, or other invertebrates. The term coquina comes from the Spanish word for "cockle" and "shellfish“
- 20. involves ions carried in groundwater chemically precipitating to form new crystalline material between sedimentary grains. The new pore-filling minerals forms "bridges" between original sediment grains, thereby binding them together.
Down
- 1. formed from organic processes that involve living organisms producing the sediments. These living organisms can be snails and clams whose discarded calcium carbonate shells can form limestone.
- 3. forms when mineral constituents in solution become supersaturated and inorganically precipitate. Common rocks include oolitic limestone and rocks composed of evaporite minerals, such as halite (rock salt), sylvite, baryte and gypsum.
- 4. naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
- 6. are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of small particles and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at the Earth's surface.
- 8. the preserved remains, or traces of remains, of ancient organisms. They are rocks
- 9. a clastic sedimentary rock that formed from grains whose sized between that of sandstone and mudstone. It can found different environmental conditions different color and textures. generally are red and gray color with flat bedding planes.
- 10. carbonate sedimentary rock that is often composed of the skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, foraminifera, and molluscs. Its major materials are the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate
- 12. layered crystalline sedimentary rocks that form from brines generated... Typically, occur in closed marine basins where evaporation exceeds inflow. They often show a repeated sequence of minerals, indicating cyclic conditions with a mineralogy determined by solubility.
- 13. Breccia is a rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix that can be similar to or different from the composition of the fragments. The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means either "loose gravel" or "stone made by cemented gravel.
- 16. hard rock which can be burned as a solid fossil fuel. It is mostly carbon but also contains hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen. It is a sedimentary rock formed from peat, by the pressure of rocks laid down later on top.