A Divided Nation

4. 854 law that allowed settlers in Kansas and Nebraska to vote on whether to permit slavery (popular sovereignty).
10. The social and political movement to end slavery in the U.S.
12. An 1863 executive order by President Lincoln that declared all enslaved people in Confederate states free.
13. A best-selling 1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted the cruelty of slavery and fueled the abolitionist movement.
15. The territory, including present-day California and the Southwest, that Mexico gave to the U.S. after the Mexican-American War.
17. A series of laws that admitted California as a free state and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act.
19. Union General Sherman's 1864 military campaign through Georgia, destroying infrastructure to cripple the Confederacy.
20. A brief, famous speech by President Lincoln in November 1863 honoring fallen soldiers and redefining the Civil War's purpose.

1. The first women's rights convention in the U.S., held in 1848, which launched the women's suffrage movement.
2. Rapid migration of people to California beginning in 1848 after gold was discovered, leading to a population boom.
3. The principle that a territory's residents could vote to decide if they would allow slavery.
5. 1857 Supreme Court case that ruled Black people were not citizens and had no right to sue, also declaring the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
6. 1846-1848 war over Texas that resulted in the U.S. gaining significant territory from Mexico.
7. 1820 law that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, keeping the balance between them.
8. The forced, deadly relocation of Native Americans, including the Cherokee, from their lands to Oklahoma in the 1830s.
9. 1850 law that required citizens to help return runaway enslaved people to their owners.
11. A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape to freedom.
14. U.S. policy warning European nations against interference in the Americas.
16. A decisive Union victory in July 1863 that is considered a major turning point of the Civil War.
18. One of the first all-Black Union Army regiments in the Civil War, known for its bravery and courage.