Across
- 4. Directing: Laissez-faire directing involves minimal interference from management, allowing employees to make their own decisions and manage their own tasks. This approach works well in small businesses with highly skilled and self-motivated employees.
- 5. Control: Bureaucratic control involves using rules, regulations, and formalized procedures to standardize behavior and decision-making. This approach ensures consistency and uniformity but can be rigid and slow to adapt to change.
- 6. Control: Concurrent control involves monitoring activities as they occur to ensure they are on track to meet goals. This can include real-time monitoring, performance reviews, and regular communication with employees.
- 7. Control: Market control involves monitoring and responding to changes in the external environment, such as customer preferences, competition, and industry trends. This ensures the business remains competitive and aligned with market demands.
- 9. Directing: Centralized directing involves concentrating decision-making authority at the top levels of management. This approach ensures consistency and uniformity in decision-making but can lead to delays in decision implementation.
- 10. Organizing: Divisional organizing involves structuring the business based on products, services, or geographic regions. Each division operates as a separate entity within the organization, with its own resources and decision-making authority.
- 12. Control: Feedforward control involves taking preventive measures to avoid problems before they occur. This can include setting goals, providing training, and implementing policies and procedures to guide employee behavior.
- 13. Organizing: Staff organizing involves providing support and expertise to line departments without having direct authority over them. Staff departments such as human resources, finance, and IT assist line departments in achieving their goals.
- 15. Control: Output control involves measuring performance based on results or outcomes achieved. This approach focuses on the end product or service delivered by employees rather than their specific actions.
- 18. Control: Social control involves influencing employee behavior through informal mechanisms such as norms, values, and peer pressure. This can complement formal control mechanisms and promote a positive work culture.
- 19. Control: Strategic control involves monitoring and evaluating the organization's strategic direction and making adjustments as needed to stay aligned with long-term goals. This can involve assessing market conditions, competitor analysis, and performance against strategic objectives.
- 20. Directing: Decentralized directing involves delegating decision-making authority to lower levels of management or employees. This approach promotes flexibility and innovation but requires clear guidelines and communication channels.
- 22. Directing: Participative directing involves involving employees in decision-making through brainstorming, group discussions, or consensus-building. This approach fosters a sense of ownership and commitment among employees.
- 23. Control: Feedback control involves evaluating performance after the fact and making adjustments as needed. This can include analyzing financial reports, customer feedback, and employee evaluations to identify areas for improvement.
- 24. Control: Behavioral control involves influencing employee behavior through policies, procedures, and organizational culture. This can include setting norms, values, and expectations that guide employee actions.
Down
- 1. Control: Quality control involves ensuring that products or services meet specified standards and customer expectations. This can include quality assurance processes, inspections, and continuous improvement initiatives.
- 2. Organizing: Matrix organizing combines functional and divisional structures, allowing employees to report to multiple managers. This structure is often used in project-based organizations where employees need to collaborate across departments.
- 3. Directing: Democratic directing involves involving employees in decision-making processes. This approach fosters a sense of ownership and commitment among employees, leading to higher morale and productivity.
- 8. Directing: Transactional directing involves motivating employees through rewards and punishments based on performance. Leaders using this approach focus on achieving specific goals and providing incentives for meeting them.
- 11. Directing: Autocratic directing involves centralized decision-making where the owner or manager makes all the decisions without consulting employees. This approach can be effective in small businesses with a clear chain of command and when quick decisions are needed.
- 12. Organizing: Functional organizing involves structuring the business based on functions such as finance, marketing, operations, and human resources. Each department
- 14. Control: Financial control involves monitoring and managing the financial aspects of the business, such as budgeting, cash flow management, and financial reporting. This ensures that the business remains financially healthy and meets its financial goals.
- 16. Directing: Transformational directing involves inspiring and motivating employees to achieve organizational goals beyond their self-interest. Leaders using this approach often set high expectations and provide support to help employees reach their full potential.
- 17. Organizing: Line organizing involves a direct chain of command where authority flows from the top management down to lower levels. This ensures clear communication and accountability within the organization.
- 21. Control: Process control involves monitoring and managing the processes used to produce goods or deliver services. This ensures efficiency, consistency, and quality throughout the organization.
- 23. on a specific aspect of the business, ensuring specialization and efficiency.