Across
- 3. a redness involving the heel of the palm that can be associated with chronic liver disease (it can also be a normal finding in pregnancy).
- 5. contracture that involves thickening of the palmar fascia, resulting in the development of cords of palmar fascia which eventually cause contracture deformities of the fingers and thumb.
- 7. skin lesions that have a central red papule with fine red lines extending radially caused by increased levels of circulating oestrogen. If more than 5 are present it is likely to be associated with pathology such as liver cirrhosis.
- 8. a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels
- 10. enlargement of male breast tissue caused by increased levels of circulating oestrogen (e.g. liver cirrhosis). Other causes include medications such as digoxin and spironolactone.
- 11. a condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it
- 14. may suggest the presence of ascites or underlying bowel obstruction and/or organomegaly.
- 15. involuntary tension in the abdominal muscles that occurs on palpation associated with peritonitis (e.g. appendicitis, diverticulitis)*.*
- 16. yellow, raised cholesterol-rich deposits around the eyes associated with hypercholesterolaemia.
Down
- 1. a pale colour of the skin that can suggest underlying anaemia
- 2. sign associated with patient stopping mid-breath due to pain on palpation of right upper quadrant during a deep breath
- 4. darkening (hyperpigmentation) and thickening (hyperkeratosis) of the axillary skin which can be benign (most commonly in dark-skinned individuals) or associated with insulin resistance (e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus) or gastrointestinal malignancy (most commonly stomach cancer).
- 6. round or oval ulcers occurring on the mucous membranes inside the mouth. Aphthous ulcers are typically benign (e.g. due to stress or mechanical trauma), however, they can be associated with iron, B12 and folate deficiency as well as Crohn’s disease.
- 9. a common inflammatory condition affecting the corners of the mouth. It has a wide range of causes including iron deficiency (e.g. gastrointestinal malignancy, malabsorption).
- 12. sign where palpation of the left iliac fossa causes pain to be experienced in the right iliac fossa.
- 13. type of oedema seen in lower legs which may suggest hypoalbuminaemia