Across
- 5. Focused on defining art as an academic subject rather than individual self-expression. Subjects included art history, art production, art criticism, and aesthetics.
- 6. An educational approach that emphasizes the importance of children’s freedom to express themselves creatively without their work being seen as inferior; often associated with Franz Cižek.
- 7. Standardized a curriculum based on industrial drawing; cofounded the Massachusetts Normal Art School meant to train future arts educators (now known as MassArt, a top 5 art school in the United States).
- 9. Addition of the arts as a non-negotiable subject to STEM; emphasizes the importance of creative thinking, freedom of expression, and visual communication in driving innovation.
- 11. ProgressAdministration (WPA): An American New Deal agency that funded the creation of public artworks including murals, plays, sculptures, etc. by providing jobs for artists during the Great Depression.
- 12. Art educator that analyzed children’s drawings and determined that children share universal patterns in art that show how they develop visual thinking over time.
- 14. A method of drawing instruction that focused on developing more practical uses for art, such as manufacturing.
- 15. Institutions that introduce structured curricula to art and dedicate themselves to instructing artists.
Down
- 1. Heavily influenced by a similar movement, it emphasized the experiences, interests, and developmental needs of the CHILD in educational settings rather than relying on methods that revolved around the educator.
- 2. A training arrangement where an individual learns an art, trade, or craft under an experienced professional for several years.
- 3. Act of 1944 (GI Bill): A law created to help veterans that served in the United States military to attend higher education institutions which directly contributed to the growing number of arts teachers and general arts exposure.
- 4. Early supporter of art education in the United States; “drawing is a fundamental subject.”
- 8. Act: One of the first mandates for art education in the United States; made drawing instruction in public schools mandatory in cities/towns with a population over 10,000
- 10. Promoted the idea of “free drawing,” where children were encouraged to express their innate creativity by create original pieces of artwork.
- 13. A formal organization in the Middle Ages comprised of skilled craftsmen that maintained the training, standards, and work of associated artisans.