ADJ133T2Fa23

10. The term that replaced the old label of guard, indicating a new role.
11. Illegitimate acts done for personal gain.
12. A term that encompasses halfway houses, work release centers, probation, parole, and any other intermediate sanctions, such as electronic monitoring, either as a condition of probation or as a sentence in itself that takes place in the community rather than prison.
14. Unpleasantness or pain administered by one in lawful authority in response to another’s transgression of law or rules.
15. Exploitation of one’s role for illegal financial benefit, e.g., bribes or protection money

1. Sentencing legislation that imposes extremely long sentences for repeat offenders—in this case, after three prior felonies.
2. Exchange of a guilty plea for a reduced charge or sentence.
3. Holding an offender to prevent further crime (incapacitation is not punishment because any pain is unintended).
4. A panel of people selected by the defense attorney to represent the actual jury; sits through the trial and provides feedback to the attorney on the evidence presented during the trial.
5. “Sting” operations to test whether police officers will make honest choices.
6. European legislation that prohibits passing by an accident scene or witnessing a crime without rendering assistance; can also refer to laws that provide protection from civil suits for individuals who stop and render aid.
7. Acts that violate authority.
8. Acts of omission.
9. The concept developed by Hobbes, Rousseau, and Locke in which the state of nature is a “war of all against all” and, thus, individuals give up their liberty to aggress against others in return for safety.
13. Items of value received by an individual because of his or her role or position rather than because of a personal relationship with the giver.