Across
- 2. federal law Congress passed, gave land to western states to encourage building colleges
- 5. African American soldiers who served in the cavalry during the wars for the west
- 8. American merchant, created the American Fur Company
- 11. long journey where cowboys herded cattle to northern markets or better grazing lands
- 12. fur trappers/traders hired by eastern companies Rocky Mountains and other western US regions
- 16. members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- 17. an early famous long hunter, led expedition across the Appalachian Mountains in 1769
- 18. decrease in money supply and overall lower prices
- 21. political party formed 1892, supported free coinage, work reforms, immigration restrictions, government ownership of railroads and telephones
- 22. established by Jesse Chisholm in late 1860s for cattle drives, trail from San Antonio TX, to Abilene KS
- 25. founder of Chico CA, supported social causes like women's suffrage with her power
- 27. an undeveloped area
- 28. Nez Perce group leader, resisted removal to Idaho area
- 29. Chiricahua Apache band leader, raided AZ-Mexico many years without getting captured
- 30. young army officer, sent to find starting point of the Red River
- 31. to give up traditional ways in favor of mainstream practices
- 32. Lakota Sioux leader, protested against US demands for the Dakotas
- 33. Oglala Sioux chief, led a group to ambush cavalry troops building forts on Sioux land
- 35. in 1804, an expedition led by Lewis and Clark to explore the new land
- 37. religious movement among Native Americans, spread across the Plains in 1880s
- 38. Lieutenant Colonel, his soldiers discovered gold in the Black Hills
- 40. name given to Plains farmers who worked hard to break up tough sod
- 41. agreement between US government and southern Plains Indians, Indians agreed to move to reservations
- 42. social and educational organization for farmers
- 43. explorer, led an expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842
- 45. Lieutenant, chosen by Lewis to co-lead a western expedition in 1803
- 46. legislation passed by Congress in 1887, divided Indian reservations to individual Indians, promised citizenship
- 47. Paiute Indian, called for reform of the reservation system in 1870s
- 48. from NE, political candidate backed by farmers in late 1870s
Down
- 1. head of Mormon Church after Joseph Smith's murder, changing their location to Utah
- 3. railroad system that crossed the continental US, construction began 1863
- 4. former army captain chosen by Jefferson to lead an exploration of the West
- 6. method of farming used by Plains farmers in 1890s, shifted focus to crops that don't need a lot of water
- 7. Shoshone from Rocky Mountains, joined second expedition to the west in 1805
- 9. system of messengers, carried mail between relay stations on route 2,000-mile route in 1860-61
- 10. US Army killed approximately 150 Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek in, ended US-Indian wars on Plains
- 13. “Custer’s Last Stand”; battle between U.S. soldiers led by Custer, and Sioux warriors led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, US Army badly defeated
- 14. Nevada gold and silver mine discovered by Henry Comstock in 1859
- 15. 300-mile Navajo captives' march to a reservation in Bosque Redondo NM, led to the hundreds of Navajo deaths
- 19. purchase of land between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains, doubled US size
- 20. treaty signed in WY, 1851, by US and northern Plains nations reservations
- 23. law Congress passed to encourage western settlement, gave government-owned land to small farmers
- 24. an area of the Great Plains on which many ranchers raised cattle in the late 1800s
- 26. system set up by railroad companies, divided the country into four time zones
- 34. African Americans who settled western lands in the late 1800s
- 36. Western communities that grew quickly during mining boom, slowed after boom ended
- 39. important trade trail west from Independence MO, to Santa Fe NM
- 44. 2,000-mile trail going through Great Plains; western Missouri to Oregon Territory