Across
- 3. Very high-intensity, _____ exercise lasting no longer than 1 minute uses phosphocreatine as the primary fuel source.
- 6. The approximate VO2max cut-off percentage value at which carbs are primarily burned as an energy source vs. fat during aerobic-endurance type exercise is _____ percent. (2 words with hyphen)
- 7. _____ is the immediately usable energy used for muscular work yielded from the breakdown of carbs, protein, fat and/or phosphocreatine. (3-letter abbreviation)
- 8. Popular ergogenic supplement which can be used to “synthesize” a specific fuel source stored in muscles cells which may rapidly replenish ATP energy for exercises such as pole vault, high jump, baseball pitch, tennis serve, 100m sprint etc. _____
- 10. Aerobic endurance training yields multiple vital physiological benefits for an athlete’s overall performance: lower resting heart rate, reduced lactic acid synthesis, greater mitochondrial content, higher VO2max, increased RBC level, _____ heart muscle, & greater muscle glycogen storage.
- 12. _____ is defined as maximal aerobic capacity OR the max amount of oxygen that can be consumed per minute during exercise, and is the very best scientific measure of an athlete’s cardio-respiratory fitness. (term includes no spaces)
- 14. The 3 factors that most influence fat metabolism during moderate-intensity exercise include blood fatty _____ concentration, exercise duration, and muscle training status.
- 15. Three major factors impact what combination of fuel types are used during a specific type of exercise event: exercise intensity, exercise duration, and exercise _____ level (= based on muscle mitochondrial content).
- 16. Fat metabolism is a slower process since it requires oxygen, which is not immediately available at the start of exercise; therefore, fat contribution as a fuel source during low-moderate aerobic type exercise begins around ____ minutes into the ongoing exercise duration.
- 17. Males have a higher potential aerobic capacity due to a higher blood hemoglobin level, greater _____ output, and generally more substantial muscle mass.
Down
- 1. The primary protein fuel source which may be useful during endurance exercise when carb intake is not maintained or body stores become exhausted is _____ , which can be converted into glucose & provide additional energy for exercise such as a marathon or long-distance cycling. (4-letter abbreviation & also plural)
- 2. The most important indicator of an individual’s max aerobic power is genetics, however, only endurance training aids the ability to reach their full potential, and this value may _____ with aging unless regular exercise training is maintained.
- 4. Aerobic glycolysis is the fuel system which requires _____ to convert glucose (or glycogen stores) into ATP yielding CO2 and water, providing energy for exercise lasting from 2 minutes to 3+ hours or more dependent on fuel availability.
- 5. _____ is commonly referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell where ATP synthesis occurs, and provides the pathway for fat metabolism during exercise.
- 9. _____ glycolysis is the energy system which converts glucose (or glycogen stores) into ATP + lactic acid without the use of oxygen providing energy for exercise lasting only 30 seconds – 2 minutes.
- 11. Total number of potential fuel (energy) sources available for use in the human body. _____
- 13. _____ acid builds up in the exercising muscle during very intense exercise leading to muscle fatigue, soreness, and potential exhaustion causing exercise to cease, and thus, requires a fairly short recovery break to then continue the same intense exercise again.