Across
- 3. _______ spread into North Africa in the 7th and 8th centuries C.E.
- 5. Large desert in Africa
- 7. Disputes over _____ weakened the kingdom and led to civil war.
- 10. Valuable product, like salt and gold.
- 13. Greatest ruler of the kingdom of Mali.
- 15. The __________ served as an interior passageway
- 17. Dry,grassy plains
- 19. Lion-headed warrior god worshipped by Nubians.
Down
- 1. A process in which the desert spreads.
- 2. Mansa Musa promoted religious freedom and _________.
- 4. Known as the "land of gold" by Arab writers.
- 6. Ancient kingdom that flourished in what is now present day Sudan.
- 8. This kingdom developed on the fertile region at the bend of the Niger River.
- 9. The cultures of Africa can be described as _____.
- 11. The root language of many West African languages.
- 12. Rome defeated ______ in the Punic Wars.
- 14. Founded by Sundiata around 1235 C.E.
- 16. Declined in part due to remaining a Christian kingdom surrounded by others who had converted to Islam.
- 18. Forest kingdom ruled by an oba and queen mothers.