Africa & the Middle East pt.2

9. The exchange of products and services between two or more parties.
11. The caliphate which oversaw the Islamic Golden Age.
12. The founder of the Carolingian/Frankish empire.
13. Important land trade routes from Asia to Europe.
14. The only Jewish country in the Middle East.
15. The most common language in the Middle East.
17. The plague that killed more than 1/3 of Europeans during the Middle Ages.
18. The relationship between kings and nobles where land is exchanged for military service.
20. A minority among Muslims.

1. A sea that separates Africa from Europe.
2. Military expeditions from Europe to conquer the holy land.
3. Armored European soldiers that fought on horses.
4. The institution in Medieval Europe that held material and spiritual power.
5. The most important city during the Crusades.
6. The most important Catholic authority.
7. The Medieval name of Islamic Spain.
8. The first caliphate to conquer all of the Middle East, North Africa, and Iberia.
10. The successor of Muhammad.
16. The holy city where Muhammad was born.
19. A powerful and rich trading empire in West Africa.