Across
- 4. The process by which one group (generally a minority or immigrant group) learns the culture of another group (generally the dominant group); also called cultural assimilation.
- 5. An attitude of benevolent despotism toward their slaves.
- 8. Hypothesis, States that minority groups created by colonization will experience more intense prejudice and racism and discrimination than those created by immigration.
- 10. Occupation, Those that produce raw materials such as food and agricultural products and minerals and lumber; often involve unskilled manual labor and require little formal education and are generally low paying.
- 11. Direction the slaves fled to freedom.
- 12. Railroad, an informal network of safe houses supported by African Americans and whites involved in abolitionism
- 13. An item of personal property.
- 16. A society dominated by service work and information processing and high technology.
- 17. jure, Racial segregation that is institutionalized in local and state law.
- 20. Competition, A system of group relations in which the dominant group seeks to exclude minority groups or limit their ability to compete for scarce resources such as jobs.
- 22. Action, Programs designed to reduce the effects of past institutional discrimination or increase diversity in workplaces and schools.
- 25. Minority Groups, Groups whose initial contact with the dominant group was through conquest or colonization.
- 28. Great Migration, When African Americans began to move to other regions of the nation and from the countryside to the city
- 29. The belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another
- 33. Labor Market, The segment of the labor market that encompasses better-paying and higher-status and more secure jobs usually in large bureaucracies
- 34. The shift in subsistence technology from labor-intensive agriculture to capital-intensive manufacturing.
- 35. in Power, Any difference between two or more groups in their ability to achieve their goals.
- 36. The tendency of individuals to think and feel negatively toward others.
Down
- 1. Labor Market, The segment of the labor market that includes low-paying and low-skilled insecure jobs.
- 2. Hypothesis, If two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism and competition and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will result
- 3. A situation in which two or more parties struggle for control of some scarce resource
- 6. System, A closed system of stratification with no mobility between positions. A person’s class at birth is permanent and unchangeable.
- 7. Servants, Contract laborers who are obligated to serve a particular master for a specified length of time.
- 9. The period of southern race relations following the Civil War. Reconstruction lasted from 1865 until the 1880s and witnessed many racial reforms all of which were reversed during de jure segregation or the Jim Crow era.
- 14. is the movement to abolish slavery
- 15. A form of dominant–minority relations often associated with plantation-based labor intensive agrarian technology.
- 18. Judging other groups or societies or cultures by the standards of one’s own.
- 19. The shift from a manufacturing economy to a service-oriented information-processing economy.
- 21. facto, A system of racial separation and inequality that appears to result from voluntary choices about where to live and work and so forth. This form of segregation is really de jure segregation in thin disguise.
- 23. Occupation, Occupations involving the transformation of raw materials into finished products ready for the marketplace. An example is an assembly line worker in an automobile plant.
- 24. Institutional Discrimination, A more subtle and covert form of institutional discrimination that is often unintentional and unconscious.
- 26. Minority Groups, Groups whose initial contact with the dominant group was through immigration.
- 27. System, A labor-intensive form of agriculture that requires large tracts of land and a large and cheap labor force. This was the dominant form of agricultural production in the American South before the Civil War.
- 30. A system of farming often used in the South during de jure segregation. The sharecropper (often black) or tenant worked the land,which was actually owned by someone else (usually white) in return for a share of the profits at harvest time. The landowner supplied a place to live and credit for food and clothing.
- 31. Occupation, Jobs that involve providing services such as retail clerk and janitor, and schoolteacher.
- 32. Competition, Systems of group relations in which minority-group members are freer to compete for jobs and other scarce resources; associated with advanced industrialization.
- 37. Crow Laws, The system of rigid competitive race relations that followed Reconstruction in the South. The system lasted from the 1880s until the 1960s and was characterized by laws mandating racial separation and inequality.