African Americans During Reconstruction

3. officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, with the exception that it could be used as a punishment for a crime after a person has been convicted.
7. an agricultural system in the U.S. South after the Civil War, where landowners let farmers use a portion of their land in exchange for a share of the crop.
9. a U.S. government agency established in 1865 to aid formerly enslaved people and white refugees during the Reconstruction period after the Civil War.
11. was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election.

1. granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and guaranteed that all citizens are entitled to "equal protection under the laws" and "due process of law".
2. a term used by white Southerners after the Civil War to describe Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction.
4. an American white supremacist, far-right hate group that has existed in three distinct iterations throughout U.S. history, using terrorism, violence, and intimidation to oppose racial equality and assert white supremacy.
5. a set of laws enacted by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War, to restrict the freedom and rights of newly emancipated African Americans.
6. a U.S. constitutional amendment that prohibits denying a citizen the right to vote based on their "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".
8. an agricultural system where landowners leased out plots of land to farmers in exchange for a share of the crops or cash rent.
10. a system that emerged in the U.S. South after the Civil War, where farmers with little cash, like sharecroppers and tenants, would pledge a portion of their future harvest to local merchants in exchange for supplies like food, seeds, and tools.