African History

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  1. 4. An estimated 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed in a span of 100 days in 1994. It was fueled by ethnic tensions and political instability.
  2. 6. Refers to some of the oldest human bones ever unearthed, found in Ethiopia, Africa.
  3. 7. A militant Islamist terrorist group formed in 2002 and based in Northeastern Nigeria. It seeks to establish an Islamic state and has been responsible for numerous attacks, kidnappings, and other acts of violence in the region.
  4. 10. A term used to refer to the descendants of Dutch settlers in South Africa, particularly those of European descent who participated in the colonization of the region.
  5. 11. What term refers to the widespread movement of Bantu-speaking peoples across sub-Saharan Africa, starting around 1000 BCE, and greatly impacting the development of over 400 different African languages?
  6. 13. An artificial waterway in North Africa (Egypt) that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It has been of strategic importance for trade and transportation since it opened in 1869.
  7. 14. Refers to 1960 which was a turning point in African history where more than a dozen African countries would secure their independence from colonial rule.
  8. 15. Medieval West African empire known for its legendary wealth, trade networks, and cultural achievements, including the city of Timbuktu.
Down
  1. 1. The forced transportation of African people to the Americas to be sold as slaves. It lasted from the 16th to the 19th century and had profound social, economic, and cultural impacts on Africa.
  2. 2. He was a ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century. He is renowned for his immense wealth and extravagant pilgrimage to Mecca, which brought Mali to the attention of the wider world. His pilgrimage, along with his generous distribution of gold along the way, contributed to the perception of Mali as one of the wealthiest empires of its time.
  3. 3. A prominent anti-apartheid activist and political leader who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He played a crucial role in ending apartheid and promoting reconciliation in the country.
  4. 5. The longest river in the world, flowing through multiple countries in Northeast Africa. It has been a vital lifeline for ancient and modern civilizations in the region.
  5. 8. This empire was the largest empire in African history, existing from the 15th to the 16th century. Located in West Africa, it was known for its powerful military, control over trans-Saharan trade routes.
  6. 9. A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that existed in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s. It was characterized by oppressive policies that favored the white European minority and marginalized the black majority.
  7. 12. The expansion and domination of European powers over African territories during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It led to the colonization of Africa and the exploitation of its resources and people.