Across
- 2. A Genoin, initially attempted to sail west to reach the East Indies for Portugal. After rejection, he convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to fund his voyage.
- 6. Developed in the late 1400s and used for determining the angle of the sun and moon and stars above the horizon. Thus time of day, sunrise, and sunset could be calculated.
- 7. Developed around 1500 with the first one invented in 1730. This device helps sailors navigate via a telescope style viewfinder and determine the altitude of the heavenly objects (i.e. sun, stars, planets, etc.) and ultimately the latitude of the ship.
- 8. This tool had a magnetized needle floating in a pan of water. The needle pointed north and south.
- 11. Displays a grid overlay (of horizontal and vertical lines) showing the longitude and latitudes on a flat earth. These “flat maps” distort the earth’s geography the further away from the equator one travels.
- 12. A Spanish conquistador, arrived in Veracruz in 1519. His mission was cancelled by the Cuban governor but he ignored the orders. Upon arrival,he was greeted with gifts. Tenochtitlan sent a contingent of gifts as they believed he was their god, Quetzalcoatl, which a prophecy of their religion called for his arrival at the time.
- 13. These ships were crafted with larger hulls increasing the amount of food and other provisions during the trip. In doing so, longer trips could be taken. A rudder, a vertical like blade attached to the ship to help with steering, was moved to the back of the boat which made it more maneuverable.
Down
- 1. The sharing and spreading of culture (ideas, dress, language, food, religion, art, technology, etc.) from one people to another.
- 3. Led the way for Spanish victories over the Aztec and Incan empires.
- 4. The introduction of new metals in Europe, the establishment of colonies, the transatlantic exchange of goods, all contributed to a new economic age. As Europeans traveled the Atlantic, they transported plants, animals, diseases, and technology that greatly impacted lives and landscapes on both sides of the ocean. The exchanges that occurred on both sides (the Americas and Europe/Africa) were known as this.
- 5. Map makers, and instrument makers
- 9. Was added to the front of the ships thus allowing for the vessel to sail into the wind via a process known as “tacking.”
- 10. Know as The Navigator he enabled the Portuguese to search for new routes to Asia. In 1415, he helped Portugal gain control of Ceuta, a Muslim held city on the south side of the Straits of Gibraltar.