Agriculture

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Across
  1. 3. agriculture- An agricultural practice that consists of growing hardy trees and shrubs and raising sheep and goats.
  2. 4. Agricultural Revolution- A change in farming practices, marked by new tools and techniques, that diffused from Britain and the Low Countries starting in the early 18th century.
  3. 7. economic activity- Economic sector associated with the production of goods from raw materials; includes manufacturing, processing, and construction.
  4. 8. a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community - smaller scale than a pandemic
  5. 9. for nature swaps- Agreement between a bank and a peripheral country in which the bank forgives a portion of the country’s debt in exchange for local investment in conservation measures.
  6. 11. and bounds system- A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains, It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of metes and bounds surveying, the U.S. The Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system.
  7. 15. The movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter.
  8. 18. nomadism- A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
  9. 20. Revolution- Movement beginning in the 1950s and 1960s in which scientists used knowledge of genetics to develop new high yield strains of grain crops.
  10. 21. Modified Organisms (GMO)- A plant or animal with specific characteristics obtained through the manipulation of its genetic makeup.
  11. 24. Carl –Root & Seed Crop Hearths (map)- Created Crop hearth map; identified agriculture as a hearth independent invention and said agriculture was not accidental but deliberate
  12. 25. Added to the crop and soil to increase yields.
  13. 26. system- system that delineates property lines
  14. 30. diseases- spread through direct contact between host and victim. No intermediary involved. Aids, for example
  15. 33. economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of tertiary sector activities that require workers to process and handle information and environmental technology.
  16. 36. cultivation- The agricultural practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated.
  17. 38. settlements- clustered rural settlement pattern where villages are located together and surrounded by farmland
  18. 39. agriculture- An agricultural practice that focuses on producing crops and raising animals for the market for others to purchase.
  19. 43. agriculture- An agricultural practice with relatively few inputs and little investment in labor and capital that results in relatively low outputs.
  20. 44. disease- A disease carried from one host to another by an intermediate host.
  21. 45. exchange- The exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa that began after Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492.
  22. 48. Agriculture- An agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one’s family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock.
  23. 51. The large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment.
  24. 53. A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products.
  25. 55. agriculture- Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.
  26. 56. economic activity- Economic sector that includes a host of activities that involve the transport, storage, marketing, and selling of goods or services; also called the service sector.
  27. 57. of the commons- the idea that people will take and use resources to their own advantage, not stopping to think about the future and other people
  28. 58. and range system- Creates rectangular plots of consistent size (Six miles long and six miles wide).
  29. 59. lot survey system- Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals.
  30. 60. Chemicals used in farming to kill pests
Down
  1. 1. Chemicals used in farming to kill weeds
  2. 2. agriculture- A type of large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from the plantation.
  3. 5. wetlands- Deliberate modification of earth to dry out wetlands through the formation of canal systems to increase land use, thus increasing carrying capacity.
  4. 6. Chains- A network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle, and distribute a commodity or product.
  5. 10. farming- The process of carving parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level growing plots.
  6. 12. trade- A movement that tries to provide farmers and workers in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with a fair price for their products by providing more equitable trading conditions.
  7. 13. crops- Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco.
  8. 14. The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
  9. 16. farming- establishment or performance of agriculture practice in a city setting; rooftop gardens or community gardens for example
  10. 17. Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic)- The shift from foraging for food to farming about 11,000 years ago, marking the beginning of agriculture.
  11. 19. economic activity- Economic sector that is a subset of the quaternary sector; involves the very top leaders of government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and media.
  12. 22. agriculture- An agricultural practice in which farmers expand a great deal of effort to produce as much yield as possible from an area of land.
  13. 23. added model- a change in the physical state or form of the product (such as milling wheat into flour or making strawberries into jam); the production of a product in a manner that enhances its value (such as organically produced products)
  14. 27. Climatic Classifications- Developed by Wladimir Koppen, a system for classifying the world’s climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation.
  15. 28. gardening- A type of farming that produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers and typically serves a specific market or urban area.
  16. 29. Mono-cropping- The agricultural system of planting one crop or raising one type of animal annually.
  17. 31. farming- Farming using chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides
  18. 32. A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
  19. 34. of scale- Cost reductions that occur when production rises.
  20. 35. Crops/Livestock- A type of farming in which both crops and livestock are raised for profit.
  21. 36. salinization- Improper use of irrigation or water high in salt content can cause salinization of the soil. Salinization occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil. Results in lower yields.
  22. 37. Thunen, Johann - Von Thunen model of rural land use - A model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity.
  23. 40. food movement- Seeking out food produced nearby.
  24. 41. The use of Earth’s land and natural resources in ways that ensure they will continue to be available in the future.
  25. 42. Rent Theory- A theory that describes the relationships between land value, commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined.
  26. 46. Loss of forested land.
  27. 47. A form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desertlike condition.
  28. 48. agriculture- A method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown; often used when clearing land.
  29. 49. efforts- the sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human need such as food and medicine
  30. 50. economic activity- Economic sector associated with removing or harvesting products from the earth; includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining or quarrying, and extracting liquids or gas.
  31. 52. Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
  32. 54. The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.