Across
- 4. ethical arguments are _____________ not emotional. They consider voices and interests of all members of society (including voiceless members – infants, animals, environment etc).
- 10. the 3 R’s - _______, reduce, refine.
- 13. because access to labs are ____________, community does not really know all that much about the living conditions of lab animals. Try to amend this by putting community and welfare reps on ethics committees.
- 14. experiments are highly regulated and subject to ethical review, independant ______s, checka and in some cases public scrutiny (freedom of information).
- 16. the second R - REDUCE the ___________ of animals used – yet still need to be statistically valid. May use imaging to view progresiion of disease, rather than making sequential sacrifices.
- 18. the job of an animal ethics committee involves overseeing the project and applying the ______ R’s as much as possible.
- 19. the first R – REPLACE with _____ animal alternatives – computer modelling, in vitro experiments, etc.
- 22. animal experiments endorse ______________ - “for the greater good” (greatest good for the greatest number with the least harm).
- 24. as far as reducing the name of animals used in a study, it may actually be better to use ______ animals, but have each go through less.
- 25. NHMRC __________ are used to promote the best practice for welfare – international standards, evidence based, expected to change and evolve over time.
- 26. no one can perform any scientific procedures with animals without a valid scientific procedures premises __________. Premises must be up to standards. Need Animal Ethics Committee approval, investigator approval.
- 28. stress and disease increases ______________ in research – poor quality science.
- 29. it seems that lab animal use is ____________, though endpoints are less severe.
- 30. current legislation in VIC – ________________ of cruelty to animals act 1986 – part 3 applies – defines scientific procedures and which animals can be used etc. _____________ of cruelty to animals regulations (2008) – defines liscencing systems, offences, animals ethics and approval system, oversight and supervision, auditing, specific outlawed procedures.
- 33. the capacity to experience pain and distress and pleasure. Fuzzy boundaries – what about oysters and crustaceans?
- 34. most experiments are either observational, or involve a minor intervention while the animal is ________ (no anaesthesia).
- 36. the Bureau of Animal Welfare (BAW) issues licenses under the _______ (abbreviation) and administers codes/guidelines. When experiments occuring, BAW regulates audits.
- 37. an animal ____________ concern – do humans have any right to use another species for their own end?
Down
- 1. the 3 R’s are ________________ (mandatory / legally binding).
- 2. one ethical __________ is : is what the animals go through really justified by the potential benefits? Are benefits likely to be achieved?
- 3. animal ethics committees include: category A – vet, category B – scientist, C – animal welfare rep, D - ____ person, an animal facility manager and animal welfare officer.
- 5. things an animal ethics committee looks at: aims, justification, potential benefits, pain and distress, number of animals (and demographic) used, whether or not the work has been done before, procedures, re-use of animals, replace/reduce/refine, training of personnel, humane endpoints/euthanasia, and scavenging of ______ to potentially use in other experiments.
- 6. there is an _____________ bottom line that cannot be crossed when it comes to experiments – regardless of potential benefit to humans/animals. This line is changing.
- 7. there tends to be either an excessive ________ or excessive distrust in ‘science’.
- 8. a ___________ concern – what is really being done to them? Are animal users really doing their best for them?
- 9. there are _______ feelings for and against using animals for research.
- 11. lab animal welfare must be optimal for both ethical (want animals to be healthy and comfortable) and _________ integrity (when health status is poor = unreliable results)
- 12. the third R – REFINEment – using anaesthetic and ____ relief, aseptic techniques, good post-op care, enrichment, better housing
- 15. ethics is not the ______ as welfare. But similar. Ethical arguments are rational, not emotional.
- 17. being ethical involves conducting behaviour in accordance with standards, being moraaly correct based on expectations of ___________ (need to be informed about what ___________ believes), and promoting best outcomes for everyone.
- 20. in the 1800s, suffering was viewed as ________. People accepted pain as a given. Late 1800s, suffering more noticed. Not the same today. Suffering is not viewed as __________.
- 21. as well as improving the health and wellbeing of humans and animals, animal research can improve ______________ and welfare of farm animals, can help with conservation/ecology, can improve basic understanding of biology.
- 23. animal ethics committees carry out ____________, bureau of animal welfare (BAW) carries out audits.
- 27. the vast majority of animals used in labs in Australia and either ______ or rats. Then fish, birds, rabbits...
- 30. sentience is the capacity to experience pain, distress and __________. Not can they reason or talk, but can they suffer?
- 31. environmental _____________ is one way to REFINE a study.
- 32. experiments with _______ as the required endpoint are very very rare.
- 35. animal welfare – how an animal is ______ with the conditions in which it lives.
- 38. animals have been incredibly useful in biomedical and scientific research, and have helped understand and treat many __________ and animal conditions. – sheep used for dust mite allergen research, mice and non-human primates used for Parkinsons research, rats and spinal cord injury treatment, mdx and double knockout mice used for duchenne muscular dystrophy.