Across
- 2. in developing countries, pigs are often used as _____ to buy for example, a tin roof for a house.
- 5. feed efficiency for growing pigs is ________ percent lower than in outdoor systems.
- 6. it is normal to _____ 40-50% of the sow herd each year. Need about 8% of herd to be in the gilt pool at any one time.
- 8. as ________ grows, people eat more animal protein. SE asian countries increased their pork output in the last 30 years by 530 (compared with 88% in Europe).
- 9. 80% of production issues can be linked to _______________ of the pigs. (includes stocking rate, air quality, hygeiene, feeder space, over mating, age at weaning, inspection and observation etc)
- 10. breeder pigs are vaccinated against Parvovirus, E coli (for neonates), ________________, erysipelas.
- 13. in north America the pork _______ is the most valuable cut
- 14. in _____________ countries, there are modern intensive systems as well as smaller scale farms, and individual pigs owned by villagers.
- 15. profitability starts with consistent numbers produced each week, good milking sows producing _____ pigs at weaning (grow fast all the way to sale)
- 16. gilts are selected at 20 ________ > exposed to boar from about 160 days > mated at 30 _______ on their second heat when they weigh 125kg.
- 17. pigs consume about 210____________ of feed between weaning and 90kg (finisher weight).
- 19. feed efficiency in deep litter shelters is slightly less efficienct, but they have a lower capital cost than conventional sheds. However, they have higher operating costs due to the cost of _____ bedding.
- 20. in Australia is ____ is a valuable cut (ham on the bone).
- 21. at twenty weeks of age (choose correct one) pigs should be ______kg (20/60/90)and are allowed 0.61m2 per pig (welfare codes)
- 22. growing pigs are rarely raised outside, as feed efficicency is 20% lower than indoors. They are also quite damaging to the ___________.
- 23. deciding whether to give: a) a home mixed feed (_________ costs, flexibility, _______ transport costs) vs b) proprietary ration (tech support, ingredient quality and ratios, nutrient analysis etc)
- 24. want pigs with less than 13mm of _____ (lean pork)
- 25. profit = fast growing pigs + ____________ grain conversion + heavy pigs + <13mm fat
- 32. in deep litter sheds, pigs grow fairly well (not quite as efficiently as in conventional sheds), but are harder to manage (harder to clean, ___________ costs a lot).
- 33. biosecurity, the quarantine/isolation facility should be at least 3 ______________ from the main housing.
- 36. outdoor herds have higher ____________ costs (feed, labour, straw) and so lower profit, but return on investment is still greater as capital investment is lower.
- 38. countries with a high health status are able to _______ their produce to other countries more easily. This is difficult in poor countries. Yet they need to trade if they want to improve their wealth and health status...
- 39. the most efficient and cost effective production of pigs occurs in modern intensive facilities ______ to grain or markets. (mid/northern USA)
- 41. in finisher pigs, feed conversion ratio drops to _________. They eat around 2.3kg a day, and have a mortality rate of 0.5%. they weigh around 90-100kg.
- 42. outdoor pig farm sites are often rotated with ________/pastures. Roundworms can present challenges.
- 43. the ___________ cost for farrow to finish is around $6000 per sow (half $ for sow component, half for growing pigs)
- 45. at (eight/fifteen/twenty) weeks of age (choose correct one) pigs should be 20kg and are allowed 0.22m2 per pig (welfare codes)
Down
- 1. china produces about 5 times as much pork as the _____.
- 2. ________ and Vietnam produce huge amounts of pork (~50000 x 1000 metric tonnes). Europe produces large amount (~22000 x 1000) and USA also large amount (10000 x 1000)
- 3. _______ are the key determinant of success on farms (welfare, fertility, management, health, feed efficiency)
- 4. disease control brings important benefits in developing countries eg classical ____ ____ vaccine. However problems with cold chain control, logistics, and villager cooperation.
- 6. the ____________________ of developing countries in trading pork is linked to cost of grain, output quantity, and product quality (importing countries have strict quarantine rules).
- 7. feed efficiency varies between _____ litter sheds (large barn like shed with hay) and conventional (penned) growing sheds. The conventional smaller pens are more efficient (2.6kg feed per kg gained, vs 2.8kg fed per kg gained for DL)
- 11. _____ is the most produced meat worldwide, ahead of poultry (a close and gaining 2nd) and beef (3rd).
- 12. farrowing techniques have a high reproductive and growing pig efficiency, but a perceived lower _________ standard.
- 15. want pigs to be as _____________ as possible, free from organisms and diseases including: Mycoplasma h., actinobacillus, atrophic rhinitis, swine dysentery, parasites, PRRS (porcine reproductive and resp syndrome), lepto, and OIE transboundary diseases.
- 16. outdoor sow paddocks are split like the spokes of a ______.
- 18. at (eight/fifteen/twenty) weeks of age (choose correct one) pigs should be 60kg and are allowed 0.47m2 per pig (welfare codes)
- 26. __________ and castrates have slightly more fat than uncastrated males at 90kg. (13.1+mm vs 12mm)
- 27. _________ stands for total electronic animal management. Totally automatic feeding system – based on recognition of sows transponder and pre determined feed levels.
- 28. finisher pigs – expect an _________ in 1mm fat for every 5kg liveweight gained.
- 29. the easiest way to increase output is to increase weight at time of ___________. However, this can introduce problems with things like boar taint and local customs.
- 30. the number of pork producers in Australia has ___________ steeply since the 1960s, while the average herd size has remained about the same (~200-350). (overall decline in number of pigs)
- 31. ____________ pigs (not breeders) are vaccinated against mycoplasma (if present), haemophilus (if req) and maybe some others.
- 34. heavily __________ living conditions can promote high levels of the taint compound in any pig (inc gilts, young boars, and castrates).
- 35. dfferent types of farrowing include farrowing _______, and penned farrowing systems with sloping walls (for mumma to lie down on, and straw/area for babies.
- 37. ___________ is the name of the vaccine used to vaccinate against boar taint compounds, while allowing intact boar to have greater feed efficiency and growth than castrated boar.
- 40. fully stalled systems will be replaced by stall and _______ combinations under current welfare codes.
- 44. the landrace (white, big floppy ears) have large ________ sizes. (along with the Yorkshire.) they also have large 21-day weight.