Across
- 3. Stabilizer
- 5. on the tail of an aircraft is the vertical stabilizer which controls the nose of the plane and prevents it from losing control of side-to-side movement along the yaw axis. On the vertical stabilizer is the rudder, which is typically controlled by pedals at the pilot's feet. The rudder controls movement along the yaw axis. The rudder is used by the pilot to control the side-to-side movement of the aircraft nose. It is important to remember the rudder is used to control the steadiness of flight but not to control the turning of a plane. That is done with the ailerons
- 6. - is created by air resistance. Imagine running down a track with a small parachute attached to your back. You would notice that it is more difficult to run with the parachute pulling you back versus running with no parachute. The parachute, in this example, causes considerable drag. When an airplane flies through the air, drag pushes back - or resists the aircraft's forward motion
- 8. is vital for an aircraft to fly, but not as much of it is required when descending and landing. Spoilers are located within the wings and are used to reduce the amount of lift an aircraft has. An aircraft will apply the spoilers when descending and coming in for the landing so that it can produce an angle to safely touch down without producing lift that could prevent a safe landing. Not only does a spoiler reduce the amount of lift but also reduces the speed of an aircraft so that when landing the aircraft isn't going too fast.
- 9. is produced from the engines of an aircraft. When thrust is applied the aircraft, it can move about on the ground as well as in the air. In order for lift to be achieved, a certain amount of thrust if required for different aircraft so that airflow can occur around the airfoil of the wings.
- 13. runs lengthwise down the aircraft. The aircraft tends to roll from left to right about this axis
- 15. order for an aircraft to move along the ground as well as safely land, an aircraft requires gears. Gears consist of wheels, shocks, and brakes. Very similar to a car's wheels, the gears support the weight and movement of an aircraft when it isn't flying. Once take-off occurs, many planes can tuck their gear inside of the fuselage, which reduces drag and increases aerodynamics of an aircraft.
- 16. fuselage of an aircraft is the main body. It holds the cargo and passengers and holds all of the parts (wings, cockpit, stabilizers, gears, etc.) of an aircraft together.
- 17. order for an aircraft to produce lift a pilot uses flaps to change the amount of drag as well as the angle of attack. Using the flaps can change the way air flows around a wing and can help produce required lift to initially get an aircraft off the ground. Once in the air, a pilot can change the angle of the flaps to reduce drag and produce more efficient flight.
Down
- 1. runs side-to-side, or wingtip to wingtip. Think of being on a seesaw and moving up and down. That up and down movement is pitch and it occurs along a lateral axis.
- 2. runs top-to-bottom. Yaw is the side to side movement of an aircraft's nose. You can observe yaw movement along a vertical axis if you were to put your hand flat on a table top and rotate it from side to side with your palm staying on the table.
- 4. - is related to mass, but also includes the gravitational pull of the Earth. A combination of factors affect the weight of an airplane and can include cargo, passengers, fuel, parts of the plane, materials, and other items.
- 7. to the vertical stabilizer, the horizontal stabilizer is typically located on the tail of an aircraft and controls the pitch along the lateral axis. On the horizontal stabilizer are elevators. The elevators are moving parts that determine the pitch of an aircraft as well as influence the angle of attack, and can be controlled using the yoke (The controller of an aircraft similar to the steering wheel of a vehicle) by pushing it in or out.
- 9. - is the force that propels an aircraft forward. Thrust is produced by propulsion systems or engines. For an airplane, thrust must overcome drag and produce enough velocity to achieve lift
- 10. is the area at the front of an airplane where pilots sit and control all the parts of an aircraft. The cockpit is full of instruments and devices that allow pilots to precisely control an aircraft when on the ground and while in flight. Pilots train very hard and for a long period of time to learn about all the different parts and instruments of not only the cockpit but also the entire aircraft.
- 11. of the most important and most noticeable parts of an aircraft is its wings. Most aircraft cannot fly, or produce lift, without wings. The wings provide an airfoil which allows air to flow around the wing producing lift.
- 12. are located towards the end of an aircraft's wings. They control the roll of an aircraft along its longitudinal axis. When turning and controlling the aircraft in rough weather, the ailerons play an important part in flying an aircraft in specific directions.
- 14. - is the force that enables an aircraft to leave the ground and remain in flight. is produced primarily by the wings, and must overcome weight in order for flight to occur