Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids

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Across
  1. 1. promoted hydrolysis of esters to form carboxylates and alcohols.
  2. 4. Functional group written as R–CHO, containing a carbonyl bonded to H.
  3. 5. R–COOH + R′OH → R–COOR′, acid-catalyzed.
  4. 6. Loss of CO₂ from certain carboxylic acids under heat.
  5. 9. Hydrogen-bonded pair of carboxylic acid molecules.
  6. 10. Base-generated α-deprotonated intermediate stabilized by resonance.
  7. 11. Simplest ketone and common organic solvent.
  8. 13. Organomagnesium reagent adding to ketones to form tertiary alcohols.
  9. 14. Reaction converting ketone → secondary alcohol using hydrides.
  10. 17. Derivative formed from dehydration of two carboxylic acids.
  11. 20. Simplest aldehyde, often used as a preservative.
  12. 22. Step converting R–COOH to a more reactive derivative (e.g., acyl chloride).
  13. 25. Intermediate formed after nucleophilic attack of one alcohol on an aldehyde.
  14. 26. Nucleophilic reducing agent (e.g., NaBH₄) that reduces aldehydes to primary alcohols.
  15. 27. Describes the O–H acidity of carboxylic acids relative to alcohols.
  16. 28. Product of reaction between an aldehyde and a 1° amine, formed via nucleophilic addition–elimination.
  17. 29. Acylation reaction forming aryl ketones using acid catalysts.
Down
  1. 2. Reactive derivative formed from acids using SOCl₂.
  2. 3. Reagent that forms a silver mirror when aldehydes are oxidized.
  3. 7. Product of aldehyde + 2 equivalents of alcohol under acid catalysis.
  4. 8. Reaction converting R–CHO → R–COOH with common oxidants.
  5. 12. Functional group –COOH, carbonyl + hydroxyl.
  6. 15. Product formed by ketone + 2 equivalents of alcohol under acid.
  7. 16. Species that attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of aldehydes.
  8. 18. Fundamental reaction mechanism of ketones and aldehydes.
  9. 19. Product formed by carboxylic acids or derivatives reacting with amines.
  10. 21. Alkene cleavage reaction yielding aldehydes under reductive conditions.
  11. 23. Product of nucleophilic addition of HCN to a ketone.
  12. 24. Carbonyl functional group written as R–CO–R, bonded to two carbons.
  13. 26. Addition of one alcohol to a ketone before ketal formation.