Alexander and Hellenism

1. : Philosopher who taught that happiness comes from simple pleasures and serenity.
2. Art : Art emphasizing realism, movement, and deep human emotion.
5. Egypt : Hellenistic kingdom ruled by Ptolemy’s dynasty; wealthy and stable.
6. of Alexandria : 400-foot wonder guiding ships to Alexandria’s harbor; symbol of ingenuity.
8. II : Macedonian king who unified Greece and reformed its army.
9. Macedonia : Dynasty founded by Antigonus II; maintained Greek influence in the Aegean.
10. : Scientist and inventor; discovered principles of buoyancy and mechanical leverage.
13. of Citium : Founder of Stoicism; taught harmony with divine reason (Logos).
14. the Great : Macedonian conqueror who spread Greek culture across three continents.
15. Group : Dramatic sculpture showing human suffering and divine punishment.
18. of Gaugamela : Alexander’s decisive victory that ended the Persian Empire (331 B.C.E.).
21. Victory of Samothrace : Sculpture capturing divine triumph and movement in marble.
22. : Bactrian wife of Alexander; symbolized blending of Greek and Eastern cultures.
25. : Persian act of bowing before rulers; adopted by Alexander to show respect for Persian customs.
26. : Philosophy teaching virtue, self-control, and acceptance of fate as paths to peace.
27. Religions : Secret cults promising emotional fulfillment and personal salvation.
28. : “World city” representing the multicultural, urban character of the Hellenistic world.

1. : Geographer who calculated Earth’s circumference and mapped the known world.
3. : Belief that certain knowledge is impossible; suspending judgment brings peace of mind.
4. of Alexandria : Center of learning that preserved and advanced Greek knowledge.
7. : Philosophy seeking tranquility through moderation, friendship, and freedom from fear.
9. : Inner tranquility or calm of mind sought by Hellenistic philosophers.
11. : Greek translation of Hebrew Scriptures made for Greek-speaking Jews.
12. Empire : Hellenistic kingdom in Asia blending Greek and Mesopotamian traditions.
16. Gaul : Realistic Hellenistic sculpture honoring the nobility of a defeated enemy.
17. : Egyptian city founded by Alexander; became the intellectual capital of the ancient world.
19. : Poet known for pastoral works celebrating rural life and simplicity.
20. : The blending of Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian, and Eastern traditions.
23. : Mathematician who wrote Elements, foundation of geometry.
24. : Historian who analyzed political systems and recorded the rise of Rome.