Across
- 5. The first battles of the American Revolutionary War, often called “the shot heard ’round the world.”
- 9. British trade laws enforcing mercantilism by restricting colonial trade to benefit Britain.
- 13. A conflict between Britain and France for North American control (1754-1763), leaving Britain in debt.
- 14. A turning point in the Revolutionary War in 1777; the American victory convinced France to support the colonies.
- 15. A deadly confrontation where British soldiers killed five colonists in 1770, increasing anti-British sentiment.
- 17. A legal system in which the eldest son inherits all family property or land, common in colonial times.
- 22. Required colonists to house and provide for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.
- 25. The final major battle in 1781 of the Revolutionary War, where British forces surrendered to American and French troops.
- 26. The spread of newspapers, pamphlets, and books that unified colonists and spread revolutionary ideas.
- 28. Nickname for British soldiers during the Revolutionary War, known for their red uniforms.
- 29. Individual who worked for a set number of years (typically 4-7) in exchange for passage to the colonies, room, and board.
- 31. Enlightenment idea that all people are born with basic rights, including life, liberty, and property, as argued by John Locke.
- 35. A final colonial attempt to reconcile with Britain, which King George III rejected.
- 37. Enlightenment philosopher who influenced revolutionary leaders with ideas of natural rights and government by consent.
- 38. A system where enslaved individuals were treated as property, with no personal rights or freedoms.
- 39. A military blockade where colonial forces surrounded British troops, forcing their retreat in 1776.
- 40. A pamphlet that argued for American independence using plain language to reach a wide audience.
- 41. Legal codes designed to control enslaved people’s behavior and solidify race-based slavery in the colonies.
- 42. Colonial protest against the Tea Act where colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor (1773)
- 43. The commander-in-chief of the Continental Army whose leadership secured American independence.
- 44. A meeting of colonial representatives in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act and assert their rights to self-taxation.
- 45. The forced recruitment of colonial men into the British navy, causing resentment among colonists.
Down
- 1. Where George Washington’s Continental Army endured extreme hardship in the winter, but emerged stronger due to training
- 2. The brutal voyage that transported enslaved Africans to the Americas as part of the Atlantic Slave Trade.
- 3. Colonists loyal to Britain argued for stability, economic benefits, and protection under British rule.
- 4. A turning point where poor white and black laborers united against colonial elites in Virginia, leading to a shift from indentured servitude to race-based slavery.
- 6. A British tax on sugar and molasses designed to raise revenue and curb smuggling (1764)
- 7. Patriot best known for creating the engraving of the Boston Massacre as anti-British propaganda. Played a key role in the Revolutionary War with his Midnight Ride, warning colonial militias in Lexington and Concord.
- 8. Allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies, undercutting colonial merchants (1773).
- 10. The primary author of the Declaration of Independence
- 11. The agreement that officially ended the American Revolution, recognizing U.S. independence and setting new national boundaries.
- 12. A religious revival that emphasized emotional preaching and personal faith, uniting colonies spiritually.
- 16. A prominent figure during the Revolutionary era who advocated for women’s rights, famously reminding her husband John Adams to “remember the ladies.”
- 18. A boundary set by Britain in 1763 to prevent colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, angering colonists.
- 19. A movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights as the foundation of society and government
- 20. A major slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739 that led to stricter laws to suppress enslaved resistance.
- 21. Group that advocated for independence, citing unfair taxation, natural rights, and lack of colonial representation.
- 23. A series of taxes on goods like glass, paper, and tea, intended to raise revenue for British officials in the colonies.
- 24. The first U.S. constitution, which created a weak central government with limited powers.
- 27. Country that provided crucial military and financial support to the colonies, helping secure victory
- 30. The assembly that managed the Revolutionary War effort and adopted the Declaration of Independence.
- 32. A political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin encouraging colonial unity during the French and Indian War.
- 33. A surprise American victory that boosted morale after Washington crossed the Delaware River (December 26, 1776).
- 34. A British law stating Parliament had the right to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever,” even after repealing the Stamp Act.
- 36. Britain’s claim that Parliament represented colonists, even though they had no elected representatives.