Across
- 7. an electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity.
- 9. of the same length
- 11. muscles that act in opposition to an agonist or prime mover.
- 14. the connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers.
- 18. chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them.
- 19. organ system consisting of skeletal muscles and their connective tissue attachments.
- 20. requiring oxygen to live or grow
- 24. muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement.
- 25. The product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle.
- 27. muscle consisting of cross-striated (cross-striped) muscle fibers; includes cardiac and skeletal muscle.
- 31. muscle cells
- 34. neuron process that carries impulses away from nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell.
- 35. filaments composing the myofibrils. Of two types: actin and myosin.
- 38. the movable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin
- 41. circular movement of a body part.
- 44. fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves.
- 45. one of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle.
- 46. (ACh)a chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings
- 47. the region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell.
- 48. turning toward a common point from different directions.
Down
- 1. specialized muscle of the heart.
- 2. a single rapid contraction of a muscle followed by relaxation.
- 3. the fluid-filled space at a synapse between neurons.
- 4. muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; the muscle(s) attached to the body’s skeleton; also called voluntary muscle.
- 5. ability to respond to a stimulus
- 6. attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction.
- 8. muscle whose contractions are primarily responsible for a particular movement; antagonist.
- 10. the volume of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid formed during exercising.
- 12. a bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue.
- 13. to move away from the midline of the body
- 15. movement that increases the angle of a joint; straightening a flexed knee.
- 16. respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products.
- 17. not requiring oxygen
- 21. muscles acting to immobilize a joint or a bone; fixes the origin of a muscle so that muscle action can be exerted at the insertion.
- 22. to move toward the midline of the body.
- 23. contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells.
- 26. a response that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus.
- 28. (1) the tense, contracted state of a muscle; (2) an infectious disease.
- 29. bending; the movement that decreases the angle between bones.
- 30. muscle under control of the will; skeletal muscle.
- 32. muscles consisting of spindle shaped, unstriped (nonstriated) muscle cells, involuntary muscle.
- 33. the thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell.
- 36. the smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends from one Z disc to the next.
- 37. the sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle.
- 39. cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
- 40. a contractile protein of muscle
- 42. sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch receptor inputs; keeps the muscle healthy and ready to react.
- 43. breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid; an anaerobic process.