Across
- 6. Depolarization or "upset" generates this electrical current. Results in the contraction of the muscle cell.
- 10. Turn sole of foot laterally
- 11. Lifting foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin (standing on heels)
- 12. Moving a limb toward the body midline.
- 14. Flexion Depressing foot (pointing toes)
- 15. Axon terminals form this junction with the sarcolemma of a different muscle cell.
- 18. Long, thread-like extension of the neuron, also called a nerve fiber.
- 20. Epimysium blend into these strong and cordlike attachments to muscles indirectly to bone, cartilages or CT coverings
- 21. Gives muscle cell its striped appearance.
- 22. Move thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand
- 25. Turn sole of foot medially
- 26. skeletal and smooth muscle cells that are elongated
- 28. Occurs when we exercise our muscles for too long.
- 29. Structures within sarcomeres that produce the banding pattern.
- 31. Tetanic contraction/ Muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen and the contractions are completely smooth and sustained.
- 33. Epimysium blend into these sheetlike attachments to muscles indirectly to bone, cartilages or CT coverings
- 34. perimysium forms this bundle of fibers
- 40. 1) Flame ignites twig/ Na+ diffuses into the cell 2) Flame spreads rapidly along the twig/ Action potential spreads rapidly along the sarcolemma
- 45. Movement generally in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of the joint and bring two bones closer together.
- 47. binds fascicles together by this tougher "overcoat" of CT
- 50. The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement
- 54. Center of the H Zone that contains tiny protein rods that hold adjacent thick filaments together.
- 56. Turning backward (radius around the ulna)
- 59. Specialized synergists. They hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone.
- 60. Tiny contractile units aligned end to end like boxcars in a train along the length of the myofibrils
- 61. Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement
- 63. Opposite of flexion. Movement that increases the angle, or the distance, between two bones or parts of the body.
- 64. Thin filaments. Anchored to the Z disc.
- 65. Muscle fiber organelle. Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Stores calcium and releases it on demand when the muscle fiber contracts.
- 66. (ACh). Specific neurotransmitter that stimulates the skeletal muscle cells
Down
- 1. soft or flabby
- 2. Movement of bone around it longitudinal axis. Common in ball-and-socket joints.
- 3. stripes of fibers in skeletal muscle
- 4. Gives muscle cell its striped appearance.
- 5. Combo of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction commonly in ball-and-socket joints such as the shoulder. Proximal end of limb is stationary, while the distal end moves in a circle.
- 7. Chemical filled vesicles contained by the neuromuscular junction.
- 8. One neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates.
- 9. Larger, thick filaments. Contain ATPase enzymes, which split ATP to generate the power for muscle contraction
- 13. dark midline interruption of the Light I Band
- 16. The point until Tetanic contraction is reached
- 17. This occurs when the axon reaches the muscle and it branches out.
- 19. Striated and involuntary. Found only in the heart.
- 23. Help prime movers by producing the same movement of by reducing undesirable movements
- 24. attached to the immovable or less movable bone.
- 27. lighter central area of the Dark A Band
- 30. State of continuous partial contractions.
- 32. Projections, also called myosin heads, that stud the the ends of the midparts of the thick filaments when they link the thick and thin filaments together during contraction.
- 35. Occurs in cytosol and does not use O2.. Pathway: glycolysis. Glucose is broke down to pyruvic acid and small amounts of energy are captured in ATP bonds.
- 36. attached to movable bone and when the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin.
- 37. Greater resistance to fatigue. Blood supply to muscles increases and individual muscle cells form more mitochondria and store more oxygen.
- 38. Occurs in mitochondria and uses O2. Pathway: oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose is broken down to CO2 & H2O. Is slow & requires continuous O2 & nutrients to muscle.
- 39. Each muscle fiber is enclosed in this delicate connective tissue sheath
- 41. As ATP depletes, a high-energy phosphate group transfers from CP to ADP, regenerating more ATP in a fraction of a second. CP supplies are exhausted w/in <15sec
- 42. "Same measurement" or length.Muscles do not shorten. myosin myofilaments keep the tension in the muscles increasing. Ex: trying to lift a 400 lb dresser (and you can't).
- 43. The gap between nerve endings and muscle cells' membranes. Filled with tissue (interstitial) fluid.
- 44. Deficit/Debt Occurs during prolonged muscle activity, and when a person cannot take in enough O2 fast enough for muscles
- 46. Exercise Pit muscles against an immovable object. CT that reinforces the muscle increases.
- 48. long ribbonlike organelles that nearly fill the cytoplasm by pushing the nuclei aside.
- 49. "Same tone" or tension. Myofilaments slide (the muscle shortens) and movement occurs. Ex: bending knee
- 50. Several sheathed muscle fibers are wrapped by this coarser fibrous membrane
- 51. (CP). High energy molecule found in muscle fibers but not other cell types.
- 52. If not enough oxygen or glucose is present during working muscles, & aerobic pathways cannot keep up, pyruvic acid (during glycolysis) is converted into this acid.
- 53. Moving a limb away (generally on the frontal plane) from the midline.
- 55. Different degrees of shortening/ how the whole muscle reacts to stimuli.
- 57. Turning forward (radius around the ulna)
- 58. No striations and involuntary. Found mainly in walls of hollow visceral organs such as stomach, urinary bladder and respiratory passages. Propels substances along a pathway.
- 62. waste away