Across
- 3. reached China before the Shang dynasty, as the Xia dynasty made limited use of these kinds of tools and weapons / process of combining copper and tin to create ________
- 5. one of the major capital cities of the Shang dynasty, where archaeological discoveries - such as palaces, royal tombs, bronze tools, and oracle bones - provided key evidence of Shang civilization and early Chinese writing
- 8. had bronze fittings and used to devastating effect by Shang warriors / helped Shang armies impose their rule on agricultural villages and to extend their influence throughout much of the Yellow River Valley / also used in racing in Bronze Age China
- 9. ________ (adj. traveling from place to place) peoples, along with disaffected allies of the Zhou, invaded China from the west in 771 BCE
- 11. Neolithic society that flourished from about 5000 to 3000 BCE in the middle region of the Yellow River Valley / some archaeologists consider this the earliest stage of Chinese civilization / known for its painted pottery and bone tools
- 12. third longest river in the world and the longest in Eurasia / originates in the Tanggula Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau and empties into the East China Sea
- 13. world's highest and largest plateau in southwestern China / source region for the Yellow and the Yangtze rivers
- 15. technology that emerged in China during the first millennium BCE / gradually made bronze weapons obsolete as these ores are cheaper, more abundant, and more widely distributed than the copper and tin needed to make bronze / also enabled subordinates of the Zhou to effectively resist the central government and to pursue their own interests
- 16. aka the Huang He / river that takes its name from the vast quantities of light-colored loess soil that it picks up along its route / very unpredictable with a history of devastating floods / Chinese civilization emerged around this river valley
- 17. (1046-256 BCE) defeated the Shang and established control over northern China / also battled nomadic raiders from the steppes in the west / longest-standing Chinese dynasty
- 18. (1766-1122 BCE) dynasty’s four main contributions: invention of writing, development of a stratified government, advancement of bronze technology, and use of the chariot and bronze weapons in warfare
- 19. fertile, yellow soil carried by wind and spread by the flooding of the Yellow River - made farming possible in ancient China
Down
- 1. practice that involves foretelling the future, discovering hidden knowledge, or determining the cause of events
- 2. (403-221 BCE) period when rival Chinese states battled viciously for territorial advantage and dominance during the violent last centuries of the Zhou dynasty
- 4. principal instruments used by fortune-tellers in ancient China / shoulder blades of sheep or turtle shells were inscribed with a question and then subjected to heat - fortune-tellers then studied the network of splits and cracks that emerged / many bore inscriptions in archaic Chinese writing
- 6. central to the religion of the Shang dynasty / practice of honoring dead family members through rituals and offerings, with the belief that they could influence the living / to maintain favor with ancestral spirits, Shang kings built large, carefully designed royal tombs
- 7. owned no land, but provided agricultural, military, and labor services for their lords in exchange for plots to cultivate, security, and a portion of the harvest / they lived like their neolithic predecessors
- 10. heavenly powers granted the right to govern to an essentially deserving individual known as the "son of heaven" - the ruler then served as a link between heaven and earth / Chinese ruling houses routinely invoked this doctrine to justify their rule
- 14. first, semi-mythological dynasty thought to have existed from about 2200 to 1600 BCE / might have made one of the first efforts to organize public life in China on a large scale