Across
- 3. The Athenian assembly which had the right to elect archons and in which all free-born citizens might participate on the slopes of Pnyx.
- 7. A resident of the island of Lesbos, she composed songs that were often passionately dedicated to women.
- 12. The central marketplace of the Greek city-state where meetings were held and business of the city was conducted in the open air.
- 13. Cleisthenes was the first archon to allow Athenians to decide if they wanted to banish someone for a decade, in a process known as _________.
- 15. While Athens was initially ruled over by the aristocrats who dominated the city’s council, the Areopagus, eventually a smaller group of 9 aristocratic officials known as _______ took over authority.
- 17. This Spartan “secret service that spied on citizens and infiltrated the helot population to identify potential troublemakers.
- 18. The Temple of Delphi, which was dedicated to this sun god, was also home to his oracle, who could give advice because they lived in a state of trance.
- 20. In 621 CE he created the first set of Athenian written laws in an attempt to control civic violence through harsh punishments.
- 21. This archon took steps to limit aristocratic power in 508 BCE and reorganized Athens into 10 voting districts, suppressing traditional loyalties tied to aristocrats.
- 23. Sparta had a _________ monarchy, with neither of the two ruling families being superior to the other, which often led to political in-fighting among their supporters.
- 25. These Milesian philosophers built on older traditions of Near Eastern learning and embraced new questions about the relationship between the kosmos and the gods and men.
- 26. Around 1000 BCE peace and increased trade brought a new form of social hierarchy, in which the Greek men who controlled the wealth believed they did so because of their superior qualities as ___________________.
- 28. Citizen-soldiers who made up the standing militia of ancient Greece.
- 30. These five annually elected representatives supervised the educational system and acted as guardians of the Spartan tradition.
- 31. This famous philosopher denigrated democracy as “mob rule” because it gave too much power to the demos.
- 32. In battle, Greek soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder in a close formation known as a ___________, several columns across and several rows deep.
- 34. In the 5th century BCE this Greek historian and subject of the Persian Empire wrote about the histories and peoples from Eurasia and Africa.
- 35. The citizens assembly of Sparta, which was populated by males over the age of 30, who voted on matters proposed by a council of 28 elders and the two kings.
- 37. An intimate gathering at which elite men would enjoy wine, poetry competitions by trained dancers and acrobats, and the company of hetaeras (courtesans).
- 38. By the end of the 12th century BCE, Mycenaean civilization had vanished and all of the great citadels, except in the city of _______, were destroyed.
Down
- 1. The territory of the Ancient Greek polis outside of the city proper, where the Agora and the asty were located.
- 2. These games were held in honor of the king of the gods, Zeus, near a giant temple dedicated to him at Olympia.
- 4. An Athenian poet who was elected archon in 594 BCE and set about created political and economic reforms that laid the foundations for Athenian Ddemocracy.
- 5. The main policy-making body of the Spartan polis and its primary court, with members elected for life who had to be over the age of 60.
- 6. Across the Aegean from the Greek mainland lay the Greek cities of ________, which had a close but increasingly difficult relationship with Persia.
- 8. Free residents of Peloponnesian cities who handled the business concerns of Spartan society, but exercised no political rights.
- 9. The most famous example of a rhapsode, he wove together the mesh of stories we know today as the Iliad and the Odyssey.
- 10. The subjugated population group from Laconia and Messenia, who became a slave population forced to work under Spartan lordship.
- 11. A _________ culture was created throughout Eurasia as a result of the spread of Greek culture through colonization.
- 12. Throughout the seventh and sixth centuries BCE, _________ continued to control the Greek poleis, with struggles between competing families becoming commonplace.
- 14. a type of leader in ancient Greece who held great individual power but also had to seek the support of the hoplite class by further extending their rights of political participation.
- 16. A series of rhythmic versus sung to the music of the lyre, which were composed orally, or even improvised, and beloved by the aristocrats of ancient Greece.
- 19. The Greeks adopted this alphabet rather than the forgotten Linear B of the Myceneans.
- 22. According to the ancient Greeks, this form of excessive pride in one’s own accomplishments could be dangerous, as it might attract the adverse attention of the gods.
- 24. As a leader in 546, he crushed dissent ruthlessly and launched the reforms of Solon and a massive campaign of public-works projects, including the collection and codification of Homer’s epics.
- 27. Rule by the few.
- 29. A social collectivity in ancient Greece formed around individual city-states.
- 31. Scholars date this period in Greek history to the emergence of the polis and the return of writing.
- 33. He argued that true love could only exist between a man in his late 20s or 30s and a protégé in his early to mid-teens.
- 36. The only society of the ancient world that abandoned infants that were not healthy enough to raise, by leaving them in the mountains.