Across
- 3. __________ is the famous archaeologist who excavated Troy, then Mycenae.
- 7. Greece is prone to _________ and volcanoes that have significantly affected Greek history and myths.
- 8. Greeks strive to achieve ______ (“excellence”) in battle and athletic competitions. They also strive to achieve it in dramatic contests and artistic and intellectual pursuits.
- 9. The famous entryway into the citadel at Mycenae is called _________.
- 11. All Greeks live within 100 miles from the ___.
- 14. Soon after Zeus swallowed Metis (a minor goddess of wisdom), the goddess _______ sprang in full armor from a cut in Zeus’s head.
- 16. A _________ is a ceremonial cup used to make a liquid offering to a god.
- 17. Many items found in Mycenaean burial sites indicate that they were a _______ people.
- 18. The greatest quantity and highest quality artifacts were unearthed in _________ within the walls of Mycenae.
- 19. Greece has thousands of _____, though many of them are uninhabitable.
- 20. Paintings of non-predatory _______ indicate that the Minoans may have been peaceful.
- 24. Zeus punished Prometheus for stealing fire back for man. He did this by creating _________, the first woman.
- 25. The famous _______ (two words) sculpture found at Knossos indicates that women may have played leading roles in Minoan society.
- 30. In the Iliad, __________ chooses the undying glory earned by killing Hector, the Trojans’ best warrior who had unknowingly killed Achilles’ cousin Patroclus.
- 31. The myth of Prometheus helps explain the origin of ancient Greek sacrificial rites. It is an example of an ____________ myth.
- 33. Hesiod wrote _________ (“birth of the gods”), It is complete and is the most famous epic explaining the birth of the gods and the universe.
- 34. Kleos Aptheiton means “undying _______” and is a major theme of Greek mythology and literature.
- 35. The excavator of Troy and Mycenae was inspired to search for them by reading the epics of ________.
- 37. In the __________, the Greeks attack the city of Troy because Trojan Prince Paris kidnapped Helen, the wife of Agamemnon who had the “face that launched a thousand ships.”
- 38. The Minoans had the most advanced __________ system in Europe before the Romans.
- 39. Relatively recent evidence of ___________ (two words) and double-headed axe imagery may be evidence of Minoan brutality.
- 40. ________ is the popular Greek hero who slew the Minotaur and is the focus of many other Greek myths.
- 41. Renaissance artist Alessandro __________ painted the most famous depiction of the birth of the goddess of love and beauty called Birth of Venus.
- 43. The Mycenaeans lived in settlements focusing around hilltop fortresses called __________. The most famous of these is at Mycenae in the northeastern Peloponnesus.
- 45. Tall, rugged _______ led the Greeks to independently develop city-states.
- 47. The Greek mainland and Greek islands have numerous natural ____, bays, and inlets.
Down
- 1. The Greek _________ began with the decline Mycenean decline (c. 1150 B.C.) and lasted to 750 B.C. when the Greeks began using Classical Greek writing.
- 2. _________ is the form of writing used by the Minoans that archaeologists have not yet been able to decipher.
- 4. The Minoan Palace at Knossos has ___________ (two words) rooms.
- 5. Gaia (the earth) conspired with her son Cronos to overthrow Ouranos (the dome of the sky). ______, the goddess of love and beauty, was born from foam that arose from parts of Cronos thrown into the sea.
- 6. The __________ replaced the Minoans as the most powerful group in Greece in c. 1450 B.C. They get their name from their most famous site.
- 8. Excavated the Palace at Knossos on Crete
- 10. The Palace at Knossos has no __________ indicating that the Minoans were peaceful.
- 12. The Minoans arose on Greece’s largest island named _________.
- 13. The Minoan Palace at Knossos has many levels and few ________ making it difficult to navigate.
- 15. Images of ________ are found in frescoes, sculptures, rhytons, and rooftops in the Palace at Knossos.
- 21. Legendary Minoan King
- 22. Half-man, half-bull creature in a mazelike prison on Crete.
- 23. People who violate the rules of __________ (the guest-host relationship) are severely punished by the Greek gods (mainly Zeus). in the Odyssey, suiters of Odysseus’ wife Penelope violate these rules and are all killed by Odysseus and his son at the end of the story.
- 26. A volcanic eruption on the Greek island named _________ (Thera) between 1600 and 1500 B.C. may have caused the decline of the Minoans.
- 27. Achilles’ one vulnerable area was his ______. It was vulnerable because his goddess mother Thetis had held him by the heel when she dipped him in the River Styx when he was a baby.
- 28. ______ is the English term for a mazelike prison that derives from the Greek word for a Minoan two-headed axe.
- 29. In Homer’s ___________, the hero endures a torturous ten-year journey home from the Trojan War.
- 32. The ________ death Mask of Agamemnon is the most famous Mycenaean artifact but is not named accurately based on its age.
- 36. Greeks believed that only ________ could have lifted the stones used to build the walls at Mycenae.
- 42. A Minoan two-headed axe is called a ___________.
- 44. Most Mycenaean settlements were abandoned because of the invasions of the ________, a group from north of Greece.
- 46. Greece’s geography led the Greeks to become a _______ people.