Anesthetic Drugs

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Across
  1. 2. Phenothiazine tranquilizer. Slow onset (15-30 minutes) duration 2-3 hours. No reversal agent. Causes peripheral vasodilation. Contraindicated in splenectomy’s due to decrease in PCV secondary to splenic engorgement.
  2. 3. NMDA antagonist and dissociative agent. Good for use in orthopedics and use as co-induction agent in healthy animals. Contraindicated in HCM and suspicion for ICP or IOP.
  3. 5. Local anesthetic with quick onset (2-5 minutes) and short duration (60-90 minutes). Loss of motor function when used in epidurals. Used IV +/- CRI to control ventricular arrhythmias and as visceral pain management in dogs. IV use contraindicated in cats due to cardiotoxicity.
  4. 9. Partial mu agonist opioid. Difficult to reverse. Can be given buccal. Minimal sedation. Ceiling effect.
  5. 10. Full mu agonist opioid. Common component of a neuroleptic analgesic induction. Duration dependent on delivery method, IV bolus in cats/dogs last 20-45 minutes. Commonly used to reduce MAC when used as CRI during anesthesia. Causes bradycardia and respiratory depression.
  6. 15. Anticholinergic. Slower onset (5-10 minutes) but longer duration (30 – 45 minutes). Does not cross the placental or blood brain barrier. Low doses may cause an idiosyncratic second degree AV block.
  7. 17. Catecholamine. Quick onset, short duration (2 minutes). Increases myocardial contractility, bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction. Can be used for cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock.
  8. 18. Preservative free morphine used in local anesthetic blocks.
  9. 19. Prototype mu agonist opioid. Avoid in patients with ICP or IOP due to increased risk for vomiting. Increased dysphoria. Can cause histamine release.
  10. 20. Used to reverse opioid full and partial agonists.
  11. 21. Reversal of benzodiazepines.
  12. 22. Benzodiazepine. Minimal cardiovascular and respiratory effects. More easily metabolized by the liver. Contraindicated in C-sections. Can be used at induction for decreased use of other induction agents.
Down
  1. 1. Synthetic neuroactive steroid. Good premed IM in cats. Acceptable induction agent for young animals (under 12 weeks of age).
  2. 4. Benzodiazepine. Highly protein bound and interactive with other drugs. Relaxes skeletal muscle. Only good in plastic syringe for 4 hours. Commonly combined with Ketamine as induction agent in healthy animals. Contraindicated in C-sections.
  3. 6. Reversal for Alpha 2 agonist.
  4. 7. Injectable sedative hypnotic anesthetic. Causes profound apnea. Avoid in patients allergic to eggs and with increased Cholesterol. Contraindicated in CRI’s for cats.
  5. 8. Full mu agonist opioid. Minimal side effects. Minimal sedation. Ideal for painful patients where vomiting needs to be avoided.
  6. 11. Anticholinergic. Rapid onset, short duration. May increase the incidence of arrhythmias, tachycardia, increased myocardial workload, and oxygen consumption.
  7. 12. semi synthetic agonist antagonist. Mild analgesic. Antitussive and reduces bronchospasms. Minimal cardiovascular and respiratory effects. Partial reversal for full agonists.
  8. 13. Alpha 2 Agonist. Short onset (10-20 min) duration up to 2-3 hours. Profound sedation and moderate analgesia. Initial hypertension with a reflex bradycardia, secondary hypotension due to reduction in cardiac output. Side effects include second degree AV block and ventricular premature beats, transient hyperglycemia in diabetics. Contraindicated in patients with cardiac disease (valvular regurgitation)
  9. 14. Local anesthetic with slow onset (1 hour) and long duration (3-5 hours). Loss of motor function when used in epidurals. Not for IV use. (hint: bupivacaine is also in the same drug class)
  10. 16. Full mu agonist opioid. Can cause vomiting and panting. Recommended to give over 1 minute. Can cause hyperthermia in cats.