Across
- 5. Federal Milk Marketing Orders; the system used for milk pricing and marketing
- 7. The illegal use of chemicals or mechanical devices to force an exaggerated gait in show horses
- 8. Fermenter: A digestive classification for horses, requiring they be fed "little and often"
- 12. An oral vice involving grasping a fixed object and sucking in air
- 16. Reporter: A professional, such as a veterinarian in Florida for child abuse, required by law to report suspected maltreatment
- 18. Short-nosed breeds (e.g., Pugs or Persians) prone to respiratory distress
- 21. The most common solid black beef breed in the U.S.
- 23. Zone: The personal space of an animal used in low-stress handling
- 25. A standardized unit of equine measurement equal to exactly 4 inches
- 30. Link (Interpersonal Violence)
- 33. The dominant internal parasite ("barber pole worm") that is a major constraint in small ruminants
- 34. Cold-blooded animals, like reptiles, that require specific microenvironments for temperature control
- 35. Vaccines: The four vaccines recommended for all horses: Tetanus, Rabies, West Nile, and EEE/WEE
- 36. Ruminants & Camelids
- 38. Freedoms: The foundational welfare framework establishing provisions for hunger, discomfort, pain, fear, and normal behavior
- 40. The large fermentation compartment of the bovine stomach
- 41. An animal that prefers eating rough, woody vegetation and forbs, such as a goat
- 43. Rs: The framework for research animals: Replace, Reduce, and Refine
- 45. Carnivore: A dietary classification for ferrets, which should be fed commercial kibble
- 46. A negative stress response where an animal is overwhelmed by perceived threats
- 48. Metabolic Bone Disease; a common reptile illness caused by a lack of UVB light or Vitamin D
Down
- 1. Primary or "baby" teeth that are checked for during early life-stage exams
- 2. The projection of human attributes onto animals solely for appearance
- 3. Feline, & Exotic Husbandry
- 4. of Balance: The location at the animal's shoulder used to start or stop movement
- 6. A positive stress response resulting from attainable and enjoyable tasks
- 9. A complete description of an animal, including species, age, breed, and reproductive status
- 10. Volatile Fatty Acids; the major energy source produced by rumen microflora
- 11. Husbandry & Behavior
- 13. Swiss: The dairy breed with the highest total protein yield, ideal for cheese
- 14. The Latin word for "cow," which is the origin of the word vaccine
- 15. The scientifically supported capacity for animals to have conscious awareness and emotions
- 17. Model: The concept where animal abuse is the visible indicator of hidden patterns of domestic or child abuse
- 19. Welfare Frameworks & Science
- 20. Husbandry & Industry
- 22. Indicator: A term for animal abuse when it serves as the first detectable sign of imminent household violence
- 24. Control: The use of threats against pets to keep a human survivor trapped in an abusive situation
- 26. Cycle: The aquatic process of breaking down ammonia into nitrites and nitrates to maintain fish health
- 27. Matrix: A tool that weights costs and benefits for the animal, consumer, and producer to evaluate welfare dilemmas
- 28. Link: The documented relationship between animal maltreatment and family violence
- 29. An animal that focuses primarily on grass and forbs, such as a sheep
- 31. Nose: The distinctive head profile often found in the Standardbred breed
- 32. A young goat
- 36. Day Breeder: Animals like sheep and goats that breed when melatonin production increases during dark hours
- 37. Social touch, typically on the withers and neck, used to reinforce bonds in a herd
- 39. The dairy breed that produces the highest volume of milk
- 42. A castrated male sheep or goat
- 44. Maintaining a population of untreated parasites to slow the progression of drug resistance
- 47. A two-beat diagonal gait; the primary gait used by veterinarians to diagnose lameness