Across
- 2. rate the amount of energy that is used while an animal is at rest
- 5. rapid breathing
- 6. large specialized cells of the immune system that recognize, surround and destroy invading cells or organisms; large phagocytic cells found in stationary form in the tissues or as mobile white blood cells, especially at sites of infection
- 8. the windpipe, made of cartilaginous rings to keep it open at all times
- 11. inflammation of the tissue of the sinuses
- 14. bony or cartilaginous curved structure, which holds gill filaments used in respiration in fish; any of a series of bony or cartilaginous curved bars along the pharynx, supporting the gills of fish and amphibians
- 15. inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes
- 20. small branching blood vessels that connect back to larger arteries and veins; any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules
- 22. inflammation of the lungs
- 25. smallest branches of the bronchial tree
- 29. the cessation of breathing during sleep; when an animal stops breathing
- 31. inflammation of the voice box or larynx
- 32. the use of a stethoscope to listen to internal structures of an animal(e.g., lungs, heart and gastrointestinal tract)
- 34. a substance that kills microbes or prevents their growth
- 36. voice box; contains the vocal chords, allowing animals to make sounds
- 37. a colorless, odorless gas that is taken into an animal’s body to be utilized during the process of cellular respiration
- 39. a colorless, odorless gas that is released from the animal body as a by-product of cellular respiration
- 40. branches at the bottom of the trachea that extend to each lung; either of the two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs, where they divide into smaller branches
Down
- 1. fluid buildup in the lungs
- 3. a procedure used to examine the upper respiratory tract for any obstructions
- 4. an image produced by an x-ray used in medical diagnosis
- 7. a lack of oxygen
- 9. the process of taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from an animal’s body
- 10. respiratory tissue in fish with a large surface area attached to the gill arches. This tissue in fish has capillaries running through it to allow for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide to take place.
- 12. a large, smooth muscle found in mammals that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and controls breathing
- 13. difficulty breathing
- 16. the breakdown of nutrients in the cells of living organisms to create ATP or energy that an animal can use; chemical process that generates most of the energy in the cell
- 17. the structure of the bronchi in the lungs that continually gets smaller and branches off; the branching system of bronchi and bronchioles conducting air from the windpipe into the lungs
- 18. the process in which a cell engulfs a foreign particle to destroy it
- 19. membranes membranes that line the respiratory tract and secrete mucus to warm, moisten and filter the air
- 21. the ability of an organism to cause disease
- 23. small flap that covers the larynx during swallowing; a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe
- 24. inflammation of the mucus membranes
- 26. passageway at the back of the throat that is shared by the digestive and respiratory tracts
- 27. a substance that kills bacteria or prevents their growth
- 28. long term or recurring; persisting for a long time or constantly recurring
- 30. the main body cavity found in animals that is lined by tissue and filled with organs, such as digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory organs; cavity located between the intestinal canal and the body wall
- 32. small grape-like clusters at the end of the bronchioles within the lungs; the site of gas exchange in mammalian lungs
- 33. air-filled cavities connected to the nasal passages that provide mucus and humidity to the air that animals breathe
- 35. inflammation of the trachea
- 38. tiny hair-like projections that are found on the surfaces of certain cells and are used for locomotion, to move fluids or sweep away particles; tiny wavelike hairs that line the nasal cavities and filter air of dirt and particulate matter