ANT 2235- Unit 4 exam

Edit Answers
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
Across
  1. 4. Largest pre-Columbian earthen mound north of Mexico (two words)
  2. 6. An elaborate system of these features connected Chacoan sites across the Four Corners region of the Southwest
  3. 7. Hohokom town comprised of hundred of pithouses and over 10 miles of irrigation canals, ca. AD 300-1200
  4. 9. Two-word phrase used to describe the breakdown of the Mississippian world after European contact, driven by disease, the Indian slave trade and emergence of slave raiding societies, and the instability of Mississippian chiefdoms
  5. 12. Full-fledged agricultural culture of the American Southeast, which flourished from AD 1050 until European contact
  6. 14. Leader of the 1567-1568 Spanish expedition that resulted in the construction of Fort San Juan at what is now known as the Berry site
  7. 15. Type of community exemplified by certain Cherokee towns after contact, in which formerly distinct groups would come together to form a new society in the face of social upheaval and external pressure
  8. 16. Iconic pottery produced by Mogollon forager farmers of the Southwest
  9. 18. Type of environmental disaster that appears to coincide with the decline of Chaco Canyon and other northern Southwest societies, even though it was unlikely to be the sole driver of these events
  10. 20. Circumstantial evidence for this staple Mississippian crop includes stable isotope signatures in human bones and heavy-duty chert hoes
  11. 22. Dating method that can provide incredibly accurate dates using ancient beams from Ancestral Puebloan architecture
  12. 23. Southwestern culture that predated the rise of Ancestral Puebloan culture ca. AD 900
  13. 25. Middle Woodland site in North Carolina whose archaeological remains, including mica, crystal quartz, and small geometric earthworks, suggest pilgrimage to the Hopewell core area (two words)
  14. 28. important southwestern spirits that communicate with the dead and have been depicted alongside elements associated with Christianity
  15. 29. Middle Woodland interaction sphere that circulated stone from the Rocky Mountains, copper from the Great Lakes, shell from the Gulf Coast, and more
  16. 30. Word associated with discussions about Chaco's role as an important ritual center that people traveled to
  17. 31. Native American (ancestral Catawba) town located next to Fort San Juan, near modern day Morganton, NC
Down
  1. 1. Recently discovered archaeological site that was the capital of the Powhatan chiefdom when the English founded Jamestown in the 17th century
  2. 2. Type of stone that originates in Wyoming but has been discovered in large quantities in the Hopewellian Midwest, prompting the one shot hypothesis
  3. 3. Floodplain across the Mississippi River from modern St. Louis, where Mississippian culture emerged ca. AD 1050 (two words)
  4. 5. Largest pre-Columbian city north of Mexico
  5. 8. A series of Spanish expeditions across “La Florida” to search for gold and mineral wealth in interior North America
  6. 10. Modern American state where most Hopewell mounds and earthworks are located
  7. 11. Primary cause of massive population loss among Native Americans after European contact
  8. 12. Large Mississippian town in northern Alabama whose descendants include the modern Chickasaw
  9. 13. Largest great house at Chaco Canyon (two words)
  10. 17. Diagnostic type of Indigenous Southwestern architecture that can take the form of small room blocks or large great houses
  11. 19. Archaeological culture known as the master irrigators of the Southwest
  12. 20. Concentration of cliff dwellings in the San Juan Basin of Colorado that appears to have become the center of the Ancestral Puebloan world after the abandonment of Chaco Canyon (two words)
  13. 21. Specialized field that has identified alignments between Hopewell earthworks and celestial bodies at sites like Newark
  14. 24. Semi-subterranean ritual structure associated with Ancestral Puebloan cultures
  15. 26. Early Woodland culture of the Midwest involving conical mound building and burials in log tombs
  16. 27. Process by which Mississippian societies repeatedly rose and fell from power, indicating dynamic regional political relationships (two words)