Anthropology Modules 3 and 4

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Across

1. School of social scientific thought.
4. _____ archaeology is the cultural processes that create a culture.
6. The three-dimensional location of an object within the matrix.
7. Linguistic _____ refers to the view that certain ways of speaking are standards and others are defective and inferior.
9. The study of language use that relies on ethnography to see how speech is constituted by and constitutive of social interaction.
11. Looks like that which it represents.
12. The study of language in the context of its use.
13. What the word refers to in the "real world."
14. Language that develops between members of a community that possess distinct native languages.
15. Digital _____ refers to digital information about the past available on the Internet.
16. Type of dating that uses fossils of widespread or rapidly evolving species to date the relative age of other fossils associated with them.
20. Linguistic _____ refers to the mastery of adult grammar.
25. Dating methods that assign ages in years to material evidence but not by using rates of nuclear decay.
26. Sees meaning in everyday social activity rather than in grammar.
28. Study of meaning.
32. Study of how variation in language use relates to differences in gender, race, class, or ethnicity.
33. Complex societies have social _____.
34. An _____ status is one that may not be assumed
36. An _____ status is a status over which you have
38. _____ production involved producing more food than bare minimum needed.
41. Systematic uncovering of
43. Linguistic _____ suggests that language has the power to shape the way people see the world.
47. _____ construction happens when an organism actively changes its environment or a new environment.
50. A mode of signification in which the sign bears no intrinsic connection to that which it represents.
54. Points to, is beside or is casually linked to that which it signifies.
56. Members of _____ societies have greater access to wealth, power and prestige.
60. bundle of rights and obligations appropriate for occupants of the status in question.
63. Contexts in which objects and activities represent when one is speaking.
65. Plant and animal remain that is a byproduct of homonin activities known as.
67. Opposite meaning.
70. A cluster of social statuses and groups that share a common focus.
71. remains through careful removal of the matrix.
76. based on the assumption that artifacts that look alike must have been made at the same time and differences in appearance or quantity can be ordered in a linear sequence.
77. dating methods that are based on the rate at which various radioactive isotopes transform themselves into other elements by losing subatomic particles.
79. Type of specialization that contributed to social stratification and has individuals specialized in various occupations or social roles.
80. The minimal units of meaning in language.
81. May have spurred domestication by occurring between local groups for dominance.
83. Nonportable remnants of homonin
85. Cultural product embedded in meanings and behavioral patterns.
86. The division of labor to accommodate simultaneous subsistence tasks.
88. The transfer of information from one person to another.
89. A system of arbitrary vocal sounds.
91. Type of dating method which indicates which objects are older or younger in a given linear sequence.
94. In _____ societies, all members enjoy roughly the same degree of wealth, power and prestige.
95. Same sound, different meaning.
96. Unwritten rules shared by members of a speech community concerning what kinds of language are valued.
97. Linguistic _____ reduces patterns of thought and culture to the grammatical patterns of the language spoken.
98. _____ superposition relies in the ordering of strata or layers of rock and soil.

Down

2. The Upper Paleolithic Period is considered the time when human _____ exploded.
3. Charles Hockett is an _____ linguist.
5. Speech _____ are languages associated with discrete groups of people.
7. Digital _____ includes digitized documents, digital photographs, artifact images , video and sound recordings, and 3D artifact and site reconstructions.
8. Views grammar, cultural values and action linked to human activity.
10. communicative _____ is the mastery of adult roles for socially and culturally appropriate speech.
17. _____ study culture through their material remains
18. Societies that move often perhaps every few months.
19. _____ linguists reconstruct the historical development of languages and study language variation through time.
21. During the upper _____ period, humans expand into all available eco-niches.
22. Occurs to plants an animals and is considered a form of niche construction due to the way that human action changes local environmental settings.
23. Represent a geographic location with the remains of past activities.
24. The law that states that layers lower down in a sequence of strata must be older than the layers above them.
27. Evaluation of what happened to an object after it entered the archaeological record.
29. _____ is defined as two or more objects found in the same matrix.
30. Broad-spectrum _____ is one theory that views domestication as directly related to climate change.
31. control: you are born into it or grow into it.
35. Regional, social or ethnic variety of a language.
37. Dating methods that assist paleoanthropologists and archaeologists in their work.
39. How archeologists find unknown sites in a geographical region.
40. a certain criteria is met through one's own
42. Systems that are controlled by a different part of the brain than language and do not exhibit patterning the way language does.
44. Spear throwers, bows & arrows and fishhooks are all examples of Upper Paleolithic _____.
45. The process of increasingly permanent human habitation in one place.
46. Not just functional, but decorated.
48. Additional meanings words derive from the typical contexts in which they are used in everyday speech.
49. Careful and thorough _____ must be taken during excavation due to their destructive nature.
51. Prime _____ are also referred to as single factors.
52. Social position.
53. _____ solidarity refers to small-scale, kindship-based societies in which all tasks necessary for survival were carried out on a family level.
55. Represents a stretch of speech longer than a sentence united by a common theme.
56. Different subsistence strategy and diet in different seasons of the year.
57. The three broad categories of scientific dating methods are relative, absolute and _____.
58. Same meaning.
59. GIS stands for _____ information systems.
61. The scientific study of language.
62. Numerical dating methods can also be referred to as _____ dating methods.
64. _____ solidarity characterized large-scale societies such as nation-states.
66. Members of _____ societies may rank above each other in social honor but did not have disproportionate access to wealth or power.
68. Study of the minimal units of meaning in language.
69. Form of figurative or nonliteral language that violates the formal rules of denotation by linking expressions from unrelated semantic domains.
72. _____ between languages brings about variation and change.
73. Set of rules that seeks to fully describe the patterns of linguistic use by members of a particular speech community.
74. such as walls, ditches, or mounds called.
75. The social relations that were seen in early farming and herding societies.
76. The study of meaningful signs and their use.
78. Social _____ arose as social organization became stratified.
82. Study of sounds of language.
84. Portable objects made, used or modified by homonins.
86. When humans select which traits are most common in a population, rather than nature doing so.
87. Study of sentence structure.
88. Ranked groups within hierarchically stratified complex societies.
90. Societies that live in one place year round.
92. Upper Paleolithic technology is _____ meaning there are specific tools for different adaptive strategies.
93. Represents spoken language.