Across
- 3. process by which characters or traits maintained or eliminated in a population based on their contribution to the differential survival and reproductive succes of their "host" organism (2 words)
- 4. one organism benefits while the other is unaffected
- 8. maximum number of individuals that a population can sustain in a given environment (2 words)
- 12. one copy of each chromosome
- 13. character contained by organism that is no longer functionally useful (2 words)
- 14. self-nourishing organism that is also known as a producer (plants)
- 17. two copies of each chromosome
- 18. occurs in S-phase, semiconservative, built in 5' to 3' direction (2 words)
- 21. organisms that must consume other organisms to obtain energy--consmers
- 23. passed along the X chromosome; more common in males then females (3 words)
- 25. interbreeding stops even though no physical barrier prevents it (2 words)
- 26. error in which homologous chromosomes do not separate properly
- 27. triplet of nucleotides that codes for a particular amino acid
- 28. a trait that, if altered, affects the fitness of an organism
- 29. process by which mRNA is synthesized on a DNA template
- 31. made with the help of ribosomes out of amino acids; serve many functions (transport, enzymes, cell signals, receptor molecules, structural components, and channels)
- 32. community and its environment
- 33. a form of genetic recombination that occurs during prophase I of meiosis
- 34. family tree used to describe genetic relationships
- 35. human intervention in the form of selective breeding (2 words)
- 36. contains A, G, C, and T; arranged in double helix of two strands held together by hydrogen bonds
- 39. blueprints for proteins
- 40. one species, the predator, hunts the other, the prey
- 42. two unrelated species evolve in a way that makes them more similar (2 words)
- 46. hierarchy of energy levels on a planet (2 words)
- 47. genes that lie along the same chromsome and do not follow the law of independent assortment (2 words)
- 48. short sequence near the promoter that assists in transcription by interacting with transcription factors
- 49. subsitution of wrong nucleotide into DNA that produces an early stop codon (2 words)
- 52. differences must exist between individuals
- 55. found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; host for protein synthesis; form in nucleolus
- 56. rapid series of speciation events that occur when one or more ancestral species invades a new environment (2 words)
- 57. the two alleles for a trait separate during the formation of gametes--one to each gamete (3 words)
- 58. process by which the mRNA specified sequence of amino acids is lined up on a ribosome for protein synthesis
- 59. chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and function (2 words)
- 60. deletion or addition of nucleotides; shifts reading frame (2 words)
Down
- 1. the traits to be selected for must be able to be passed along to offspring
- 2. traits similar between organisms that arose from a common ancestor (2 words)
- 5. nonliving players in an ecosystem (2 words)
- 6. change in allele frequencies due to random genetic change in an allele
- 7. inheritance of one trait does not interfere with the inheritance of another trait (4 words)
- 9. evolutionary change is slow and steady process
- 10. subsitution of wrong nucleotide into DNA; still produces a protein (2 words)
- 11. one organism benefits at another's expense
- 15. evolutionary change occurs in rapid bursts separated by large periods of no change (2 words)
- 16. chromosome not involved in gender (2 words)
- 19. change in allele frequencies because of chance events (2 words)
- 20. factors that keep population size in check (2 words)
- 22. interbreeding stops because some physical barrier splits the population into two (2 words)
- 24. Yy produces a intermediate phenotype between YY and yy (2 words)
- 30. both species are harmed by the interaction
- 37. certain characters are selected for because they aid in mate acquisition (2 words)
- 38. p + q = 1, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1; evolution is not occuring; the rules for this are no mutations, no gene flow, no genetic drift, no natural selection, and random mating (3 words)
- 41. contains A, G, C, and U; singled stranded
- 43. eukaryotes originated from symbiotic partnership of prokaryotic cells (2 words)
- 44. change in allele frequencies as genes move from one population to another (2 words)
- 45. both alleles express themselves fully in a Yy individual
- 50. both organisms reap benefits from the interaction
- 51. brings amino acids to ribosomes
- 53. collection of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic region
- 54. components living organisms of ecosystem (2 words)