AP Bio Study - Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function (PART 1)

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Across
  1. 2. fiber in the cytoskeleton; hollow rod-like structures make of the protein tubulin; grow from the centrosome; structural support, separation of chromosomes, cell mobility
  2. 4. network of membranous sacs and tubes; synthesizes membranes; compartmentalize the cell to keep proteins formed in the rough ER separate from those of free ribosomes
  3. 9. carbohydrates bonded to lipids on the cell membrane; important for cell-to-cell recognition
  4. 10. helped maintain fluidty at high and low temps; high reduces movement; low reduces tight packing
  5. 13. form via phagocytosis (cell eating) and then are digested by lysosomes
  6. 15. carbohydrates bonded to proteins; most abundant; important for cell-to-cell recognition
  7. 22. synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and detoxifies the cell; contains no ribosomes
  8. 23. Lysosomes, centrosomes, and flagella are unique cell components found in _______ cells
  9. 25. proteins produced here generally function only within the ______ (i.e. enzymes); known as free ribosomes
  10. 26. determines cellular metabolism; too large = too difficult for plasma membrane regulation; size dictates function
  11. 29. High ration optimized exchange of material through the plasma membrane
  12. 33. cite of cellular respiration; smooth outer membrane; folds (cristae) in the inner membrane - 2 internal compartments and increases surface area
  13. 36. the basic structural and functional units of every organism; all are bound by a plasma membrane, and contain cytosol, chromosomes (DNA), and ribosomes
  14. 37. contains ribosomes bound to the ER membrane
  15. 38. Cells found in protists, fungi, animals, plants; DNA found in the nucleus; contain membrane bound organelles; usually much larger than the other cell type
  16. 41. lower SA:V ratio; lose efficiency exchanging materials; cellular demand increases; rate of heat exchange decreases
  17. 42. large vesicles that stem from the ER and Golgi; selective in transport; types include food, contractile, central
  18. 44. Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, and plasmodesmata are unique cell components found in ______ cells
  19. 46. protein produced here can be secreted from the cell; leave via transport vesicles
  20. 53. found in plants; contains inorganic ions and water; important for turgor pressure
  21. 54. the ability of membranes to regulate the substance that enter and exit
  22. 55. membrane is help together by weak hydrophobic interactions causing it to move and shift making it ______; affected by temp; help maintained by unsaturated hydrocarbons
  23. 56. separates internal cell form external environment; comprised mainly of phospholipids
  24. 57. most common; high SA:V ratio; optimizes exchange of materials at the plasma membrane
  25. 58. double membrane that surrounds the nucleus; nuclear side is lined by the nuclear lamina (made of proteins and helps maintain shape)
  26. 59. allows for different metabolic reactions to occur in different locations; increases surface area for reactions to occur; prevents interfering reactions from occurring in the same location
  27. 61. Classification of an organelle; continuous or connected via transport by vesicles; include nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vesicles/vacuoles, plasma membrane
Down
  1. 1. specialized organelles in photosynthetic organisms; site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll, thylakoids, and stroma
  2. 3. fibers in the cytoplasm; maintains cells shape; structural and mechanical support; anchor nucleus/organelles; allows movement of vesicles, organelles, and the whole cell; movement occurs when cytoskeleton interacts with motor proteins
  3. 5. contains chromosomes (genetic information); enclosed by the nuclear envelope; has pours; contains a nucleolus
  4. 6. Classification of an organelle; provides body with necessary resources; Ex. mitochondria, chloroplasts
  5. 7. similar to lysosomes; membrane bound metabolic compartment; catalyze reactions that produce H2O2 and have enzymes that break that down to water
  6. 8. fiber in the cytoskeleton; thin solid rods made of the protein actin; cell shape (tension), muscle contraction and cell mobility, animal cell division
  7. 11. dense region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized
  8. 12. hole like structures in the cell wall filled with cytosol that connect adjacent cells
  9. 14. directionality of the Golgi; receives vesicles from the ER
  10. 16. regulate entry and exit of materials from the nucleus
  11. 17. maintain water levels in cells
  12. 18. fluid around the thylakoids; location for the Calvin cycle; contains chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, enzymes
  13. 19. space between inner and outer membrane in the mitochondria
  14. 20. membranous sacs with hydrolytic enzymes; hydrolyzes macromolecules in animal cells; autophagy
  15. 21. Cells found in bacteria and archaea; DNA found in the nucleoid region; generally smaller than the other cell type
  16. 24. membranous sacs that can organize into stacks called grana; light dependent reactions occur in the grana
  17. 27. embedded into the lipid bilayer; transmembrane proteins; amphipathic
  18. 28. thicker than plasma membranes; contain plasmodesmata
  19. 30. hydrophilic heads (TOWARD aqueous environment) and hydrophobic tails (AWAY from aqueous environment); form a bilayer
  20. 31. enclosed by the mitochondrial inner membrane; locations for the Krebs cycle; contains enzymes that catalyze cellular respiration/ produce ATP, mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes
  21. 32. comprised of many macromolecules
  22. 34. fiber in the cytoskeleton; fibrose proteins made up of varying subunits; permanent structural elements of cells
  23. 35. lysosomes can recycle their own cell's organic materials; allows cell to renew itself
  24. 39. directionality of the Golgi; sends vesicles back out into the cytosol to other locations or to the plasma membrane for secretion
  25. 40. membrane found structures in eukaryotes
  26. 43. mitochondria and chloroplasts have: double membrane, ribosomes, circular DNA, capable of functioning on their own
  27. 45. flattened and unconnected membranous sacs found in the Golgi Complex
  28. 47. correlates with number of mitochondria in the cell; more have higher activity; ex. Cells that move/contract
  29. 48. not embedded into the lipid bilayer; loosely bonded to the surface
  30. 49. receives transport vesicles with materials from the ER, modifies (ensures newly formed proteins are folded/modified correctly), sorts, adds molecular tags, and packages materials into new transport vesicles that exit membrane via exocytosis; contains cisternae that are not connected to each other; has directionality (cis face and trans face)
  31. 50. comprised of ribosomal RNA and proteins; translate messages found on mRNA into the primary structure of polypeptides; found either in the cytosol or on ER/nuclear envelope
  32. 51. found in plants that covers the plasma membrane; extracellular structure; shape, structure, protection, water regulation; made of cellulose
  33. 52. explains the similarities mitochondria and chloroplasts have to a prokaryote; early eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryotic cell and became a cell that lives in another cell; became one functional organism
  34. 60. combined with proteins to from large and small subunits of ribosomes which exit via nuclear pores - assemble into ribosomes