AP BIO UNIT 3

3. A chemical process involving the gain of electrons
4. The process by which autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose
5. The electron carrier used specifically in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis to help build sugars
7. The multi-stage process by which cells break down organic molecules to produce ATP, using oxygen as a final electron acceptor
8. Any substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction itself
9. Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle, this series of reactions in the mitochondrial matrix produces CO², ATP, NADH, and FADH₂
11. The specific reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts
12. A biological catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds up specific chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
13. The flattened, sac-like membrane inside a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions occur
14. The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life
16. an anaerobic metabolic process that converts sugars into energy (ATP), producing lactic acid or ethanol and CO²
17. A term describing a process or organism that requires the presence of free oxygen to function

1. The first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate in the cytosol
2. A chemical process involving the loss of electrons
4. A cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids that harvest light energy
6. The reduced form of NAD+; an electron carrier that shuttles high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
8. The primary green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
10. The primary "energy currency" of the cell; a nucleotide that releases energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.
15. A term describing a process or environment that occurs in the absence of oxygen