AP BIO_Unit 4

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Across
  1. 4. loss of cell cycle control. Oncogenes (stuck ON). Tumor suppressors lost. Apoptosis fails.
  2. 7. signaling local/nearby
  3. 11. relay molecules, often phosphorylation cascade
  4. 12. remove PO4 (deactivate). Phosphorylation cascade amplify signals
  5. 13. G1/S, G2/M, spindle assembly
  6. 15. add PO4 (activate)
  7. 16. programmed death via caspases
  8. 17. direct cell-cell contact signaling
  9. 18. G1 (growth) → S (DNA replication) → G2 (prep for division). G0 = quiescent/non-dividing.
Down
  1. 1. signaling hormones via blood (long-distance)
  2. 2. signaling to self
  3. 3. cyclin-CDK complexes drive transitions
  4. 5. ______ feedback; amplifies signal (oxytocin in labor, blood clotting, fruit ripening)
  5. 6. Prophase (condense) → Metaphase (align) → Anaphase (separate) → Telophase + cytokinesis. 2 identical diploid cells.
  6. 8. gene expression, enzyme activity, etc.
  7. 9. ligands binds receptor
  8. 10. ______ types; GPCR (G-protein coupled), RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase), ligand-gated ion channels, intracellular receptors (steroids cross membrane)
  9. 14. ______ feedback; reduces stimulus (thermoregulation, blood glucose)
  10. 19. ______ messengers; cAMP, Ca2+, IP3 - amplify signal (one ligand - thousands of molecules)