Across
- 3. A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions.
- 4. A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that functions as a rivet, fastening cells together.
- 6. An extracellular glycoprotein secreted by animal cells that helps them attach to the extracellular matrix.
- 7. A short appendage containing microtubules in eukaryotic cells. A motile cilium is specialized for locomotion or moving fluid past the cell; it is formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules (the “9 + 2” arrangement) ensheathed in an extension of the plasma membrane. A primary cilium is usually nonmotile and plays a sensory and signaling role; it lacks the two inner microtubules (the “9 + 0” arrangement).
- 8. The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
Down
- 1. The contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane; in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the nucleus.
- 2. A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers, found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.
- 3. A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain freshwater protists.
- 5. In cilia and flagella, a large motor protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in dynein shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella.
- 8. (1) The outer region of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell, lying just under the plasma membrane, that has a more gel-like consistency than the inner regions due to the presence of multiple microfilaments. (2) In plants, ground tissue that is between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or eudicot stem.