Across
- 3. the mixing of gases
- 4. a point on a phase diagram at which all three states of a substance are present
- 10. the actual yield of a product as a percentage of the theoretical yield
- 13. the process of combining two light nuclei to form a heavier, more stable nucleus
- 14. an insoluble substance formed in a solution
- 15. the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure Carbon-12
- 18. half the distance between the nuclei in a molecule consisting of identical atoms
- 19. a helium nucleus
- 20. the ratio of the number of moles of a given component in a mixture to the total number of moles in the mixture
- 22. enthalpy minus the product of the entropy and kelvin temperature
- 23. if a change is imposed on a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift to reduce that effect
- 30. a process that occurs without outside intervention
- 32. the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
- 35. a dynamic reaction system in which the concentrations of all reactants remain constant as a function of time
- 40. a process that involves forcing a current through a cell to cause a nonspontaneous chemical reactions to occur
- 41. the maximum amount of a given product that can be formed when the limiting reacting is completely consumed
- 43. the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons
- 44. the process of using a neutron to split a heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers
- 45. a substance that marks the end of a titration by changing color
- 48. a charged species consisting of a metal ion surrounded by ligands
- 49. a property of a molecule whose charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge
- 50. an ionic compound
Down
- 1. a reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred
- 2. the percent by mass of a component of a mixture or element of a compound
- 5. a species that is neither a reactant or product; it is both created and destroyed in a reaction
- 6. a convenient way of representing the phases of a substance in a closed system as a function of temperature and pressure
- 7. the 3D arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- 8. unusually strong dipole-dipole attractions that occur among molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom
- 9. an acid that dissociates completely
- 11. the area of chemistry that concerns reaction rates
- 12. the electrons in the outermost principal quantum level of an atom
- 16. the pressure of the vapor over a liquid at equilibrium
- 17. the attractive force resulting when polar molecules line up so that the positive and negative ends are close together
- 21. relatively weak interactions that occur between molecules
- 24. the product of the concentrations of the products divided by the product of the concentrations of the reactants
- 25. the electrode in a galvanic cell at which reduction occurs
- 26. the reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction
- 27. the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
- 28. the slowest step in a reaction
- 29. the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal when light strikes it
- 31. the study of energy and it's interconversions
- 33. a condition occurring when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a particular molecule
- 34. a solution that resists a change in pH
- 36. a mixing of the native orbitals on a given atom to form special atomic orbitals for bonding
- 37. the driving force in a galvanic cell that pulls electrons from the reducing agent in one compartment to the oxidizing agent in the other
- 38. moles of solute over liters of solutions
- 39. atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
- 42. the observation that atoms of nonmetals tend to form the most stable molecules when they are surrounded by 8 electrons
- 46. a thermodynamic function that measures randomness or disorder
- 47. a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed