Across
- 2. A key House committee that sets the terms for how/when each bill will be voted on by the full House
- 4. Act by which a president formally rejects a bill and returns it to Congress
- 7. Powers specifically written in the text of the Constitution
- 8. Style of leadership/representation in which an elected official acts on his/her own policy views/judgement
- 10. Party leadership positions in each chamber of Congress; these people check on how party members plan to vote on a bill and attempt to keep members in line with the party’s priorities
- 11. A philosophy of judicial review that typically defers to standing precedent and the judgements of elected officials, rarely overturning policies or precedents
- 12. Group who directly advise the president; overseen by the Chief of Staff
- 15. Powers that are not written in the Constitution, but can be reasonably inferred to exist
- 19. A philosophy of judicial review that includes bold rulings that often overturn longstanding precedents
- 20. Style of leadership/representation in which an elected official acts on the opinion of his/her constituents, rather than his/her own personal opinions
- 21. A document that must be signed by a majority of all House members, in order to force a bill out of a committee for a vote by the whole House
- 25. Spending items intended to bring funding to benefit an elected official’s home district or state; these serve as a political advantage to incumbents
- 27. Category of spending that includes non-mandatory items that may be renegotiated in each budget, such as transportation, education, and military funding
- 28. A program such as Social Security or Medicare, which disburses benefits to all qualified individuals, regardless of financial need
- 29. Clause from Article I of the Constitution; it allows Congress to exercise implied powers beyond those enumerated in the text of the Constitution
- 30. The redrawing of legislative district boundaries to advantage the party in control of the state legislature
Down
- 1. A judicial standard established by an earlier court ruling
- 3. Broad term referring to the policy issues that are currently the focus of elected officials; this is heavily influenced by input from linkage institutions
- 5. A presidential directive to the bureaucracy on how/when to enforce a particular policy; this carries all the force of a law but does not require Congressional approval
- 6. Vernacular term for a president’s informal power to influence the policy agenda by making speeches and public appearances
- 9. Power of the legislative branch to investigate and oversee executive branch activities
- 13. Technique used in the Senate by the minority party to indefinitely delay a final vote on a bill by taking advantage of unlimited debate
- 14. Statement made by a president when approving a bill; it states his/her interpretation of the intent and proper implementation of the law; of questionable legal/Constitutional validity
- 16. Circumstance in which the party in control of at least one house of Congress is different from the party of the president
- 17. An action taken by a president, whereby a bill passed by Congress is automatically rejected if a president fails to act on it within 10 days, while Congress remains in session
- 18. Vote in the Senate to end debate and bring a bill to a final vote; used to end a filibuster
- 22. Doctrine established by federal courts, referencing the standard that in legislative districts, the proportion of residents per representative should be roughly equal from district to district. Also refers broadly to the idea of voting equality
- 23. Category of spending that must be fully funded regardless of other budgetary decisions; this includes items such as entitlements and interest payments
- 24. Style of leadership/representation in which an elected official acts on his/her own judgements on certain issues and reflects the views of constituents on others
- 26. Latin phrase meaning ‘let the decision stand,’ suggesting that judicial precedents should be followed