Across
- 2. exercise, protects individuals right to practice their religion without government interference
- 3. Clause, gives Congress the power to regulate commerce Supremacy Clause, constitution is law of the land.
- 9. United v. Federal Election Commission, A case in which The Court held that corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in elections cannot be limited under the First Amendment.
- 12. Incorporation, the legal doctrine where the Supreme Court applies individual rights from the Bill of Rights to state governments on a case-by-case-basis
- 13. a previous court decision that is used as a guiding principle to decide similar cases in the future Nine, how many supreme court judges are there?
- 15. PACs, committees that may receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, labor unions and other PACs for the purpose of financing independent expenditures and other independent political activity.
- 16. v. Yoder, dealt with the balance between state interests and individual religious freedoms.
- 19. York Times Co. v. United States, dealt with the First Amendment and the freedom of press.
- 22. v. Maryland, addressed the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
- 23. v. Wade, addressed the issue of abortion rights in the United States.
- 28. clause, prohibits the government from establishing a religion or favoring one religion over another
- 31. powers, are powers of the United States government that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution, but are suggested to be applicable in some or all cases.
- 33. opinion, a written opinion by a judge who agrees with the majority decision in a case, but provides different reasoning or justification for reaching that decision
- 34. v. United States, dealt with limited speech.
- 35. v. Vitale, This case addressed the issue of state-sponsored prayer in public schools.
- 37. the political manipulation of electoral district boundaries to advantage a party, group, or socioeconomic class within the constituency.
- 38. v. Carr, established the "one person, one vote doctrine, gave federal courts power to hear redistricting cases.
- 39. clause, gives Congress the power to create laws that are not explicitly listed in the Constitution.
- 40. States v. Lopez, dealt with the limits of Congress's power under the Commerce Clause.
Down
- 1. Court, The pinnacle of the American judicial system. The Court ensures uniformity in interpreting national laws, resolves conflicts among states, and maintains national supremacy in law. it has both original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction.
- 4. v. Chicago, addressed the issue of gun rights in the United States.
- 5. opinion, a written statement by one or more judges that disagrees with the majority opinion in a legal case
- 6. decisis, A Latin phrase meaning "let the decision stand." Most cases reaching appellate courts are settled on this principle.
- 7. amendment, freedom of speech
- 8. and proper clause, allows congress the ability to make laws or to act where the constitution doesn't give it authority to act. Sometimes thought of as implied powers.
- 10. v. Madison, led to the creation of judicial review and reestablished check and balances among the branches of government.
- 11. v. Board of Education, created integration for all public schools in America.
- 14. laws, resolves conflicts among states, and maintains national supremacy in law. it has both original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction.
- 17. speech, non-verbal actions that are intended to convey a particular message or statement, and are considered protected under the First Amendment as a form of speech
- 18. review, review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.
- 20. rights, the legal rights that law enforcement must inform a suspect of after arresting them Executive privilege, the authority of the President to withhold documents or information in his possession or in the possession of the Executive Branch from the Legislative or Judicial Branch of the government. .
- 21. privilege, the authority of the President to withhold documents or information in his possession or in the possession of the Executive Branch from the Legislative or Judicial Branch of the government.
- 24. the division of power between the national government and state governments.
- 25. rights, legal protections that guarantee equal social opportunities and protection under the law for all people, regardless of their race, religion, or other characteristics.
- 26. v. Des Moines, addressed the issue of free speech in public schools.
- 27. how many supreme court judges are there?
- 29. process, the idea that the government must follow fair procedures before taking away a person's life, liberty, or property.
- 30. v. Wainwright, significantly impacted the rights of defendants in criminal cases.
- 32. protection clause, part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that requires the law to treat people in similar situations equally. It states that no state can deny any person within its jurisdiction equal protection under the law.
- 34. v. Reno, unconstitutional to segregate voters based on race.
- 36. restraint, a government action that prevenis the publication or distribution of speech or information before it is released to the public
- 39. protection clause, part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that requires the law to treat people in similar situations equally. It states that no state can deny any person within its jurisdiction equal protection under the law.