Across
- 5. group of people with the constitutional or legal task to rule a country or state, or advise a head of state, usually from the executive branch.
- 7. grants fixed amounts of federal money given to states or local governments for broad purposes like social services, public health
- 9. Paper by Alexander Hamilton arguing for a strong, independent judiciary with lifetime tenure
- 12. an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.
- 14. The court's power to hear a specific type of case (e.g., bankruptcy, family law, federal crimes). legal right or capacity of a party (person, group, or government body) to bring a case to court
- 17. influential essay written by Alexander Hamilton emphasizing that a strong executive is vital for effective government
- 18. principle or system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs.
- 20. grant given to state or local governments for very specific, narrowly defined purposes, like education, roads, or healthcare
- 21. a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
- 23. past action, ruling, or decision that serves as a guide or rule for future similar situations, ensuring consistency, stability, and predictability
- 24. US Senate tactic where Senators use prolonged debate to delay or block a vote on a bill, requiring a supermajority (currently 60 votes) to end debate
- 25. constitutional provisions protecting certain officials or citizens from legal action
Down
- 1. Clause which stops states from discriminating against out-of-state citizens, ensuring they get the same fundamental rights as residents
- 2. elected presiding officer and leader of a legislative chamber (like the U.S. House of Representatives), responsible for managing debates, maintaining order etc..
- 3. Amendment reserves powers not given to the federal government, nor withheld from the states, to the states or the people.
- 4. the power to reject or stop a decision, bill, or action
- 6. political manipulation of electoral district boundaries to advantage a party, group, or socioeconomic class within the constituency.
- 8. responsible for making laws, controlling taxing & spending, declaring war, and overseeing the executive branch
- 10. the government body responsible for implementing, enforcing, and administering the laws
- 11. the action or process of dividing or organizing an area into new political or school districts.
- 13. Amendment that limits the number of times a person can be elected to the office of President of the United States to two
- 15. responsible for creating laws, controlling spending, and representing the people's interests
- 16. grant that is a large sum of federal money given to state or local governments for broad purposes
- 19. a person who brings a case against another in a court of law.
- 22. the process of removing an elected official before their term ends