Across
- 9. System in which power is held by a loose union of independent states. The central government is weak in relation to the power of the states.
- 14. Procedure that allows voters to reject a measure passed by the state legislature.
- 15. that permits voters to put state legislative measures directly on the ballot.
- 17. Federal grants given to states for specific purposes, often with strings attached, such as building an airport or a highway.
- 19. The distribution of a percentage of federal tax income to state and local governments.
- 21. Powers given to the federal government that have been reasonably inferred from the Constitution.
- 22. This constitutional provision provides a guarantee of citizenship, as well as equal protection and due process, which have been the sources of incorporation for key protections in the Bill of Rights.
Down
- 1. Federal grants given to states for broader purposes, such as healthcare or education.
- 2. Ruling that declared the national government’s power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce; in this case, banning firearms in a school zone.
- 3. Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws essential to carrying out its expressed duties. This provision allows the national government to carry out implied powers.
- 4. System in which power is divided between national and state or local governments.
- 5. The doctrine that a state can void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution.
- 6. Provision that states all powers not given to the federal government in the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved for the states.
- 7. Powers given to the state governments alone.
- 8. Powers written into the Constitution that have been given to the national government.
- 10. Powers shared by both the national and state governments.
- 11. Constitutional provision that gives the federal government the power to regulate interstate and foreign trade.
- 12. Strings attached by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds.
- 13. Ruling that declared the federal government had the power to establish a national bank under the “necessary and proper” clause.
- 16. Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.
- 18. Terms set by the national government that states are required to meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
- 20. System in which power is centralized in one body. State or regional governments derive authority from the central government.