Across
- 3. The jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts. These courts do not review the factual record, only the legal issues involved.
- 7. Also known as subgovernments, a mutually dependent, mutually advantageous relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. Iron triangles dominate some areas of domestic policymaking.
- 8. The political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law, prescribed by the Constitution. The House of Representatives may impeach the president by a majority vote for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."
- 9. A type of veto occurring when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president and the president simply lets the bill die by neither signing nor vetoing it.
- 11. A view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the original intentions or original meaning of the Framers. Many conservatives support this view.
- 12. A group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic. Many are composed of members from both parties and from both houses.
- 13. Party leaders who work with the majority leader or minority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to the passage of a bill.
- 18. A congressional process through which program authorizations are revised to achieve required savings. It usually also includes tax or other revenue adjustments.
- 19. A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.
- 21. Regulations originating with the executive branch. Executive orders are one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy.
- 22. How similar cases have been decided in the past.
- 23. An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues.
- 24. A group of presidential advisers not mentioned in the Constitution, although every president has had one. Today the cabinet is composed of 14 secretaries, the attorney general, and others designated by the president.
- 25. The lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities.
Down
- 1. The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector.
- 2. The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case.
- 4. A description of the budget process in which the best predictor of this year's budget is last year's budget, plus a little bit more (an increment). According to Aaron Wildavsky, "Most of the budget is a product of previous decisions."
- 5. The Senate committee that, along with the House Ways and Means Committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole.
- 6. The constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it. A two-thirds vote in each house can override a veto.
- 10. A strategy unique to the Senate wherby opponents of a piece of legislation use thier right to unlimited debate to prevent the SEnate form ever voting on a bill. Sixty members present and voting can halt a filibuster on legislation.
- 14. Those individuals who already hold office. In congressional election, incumbents usually win.
- 15. According to Max Weber, a hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality.
- 16. A legislature divided into two houses. The U.S. congress and state legislatures except Nebraska's are bicameral.
- 17. A presidential appointee and the third-ranking office in the Department of Justice. The solicitor general is in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government.
- 20. Government spending. Major areas of federal spending are social services and national defense.