Across
- 3. a system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning; many languages also have a literary tradition
- 4. the dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication
- 6. recognized in much of the English-speaking world as the standard form of British speech; well known because it is commonly used by politicians, broadcasters, and actors
- 8. the one used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects, such as road signs, money, and stamps
- 10. a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history
- 11. the Latin that people in the provinces learned was not the standard literary form but spoken form; from the Latin word referring to “the masses” of the populace
- 12. a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate
Down
- 1. a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigineous language of the people being dominated
- 2. a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago; differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family
- 5. a system of written communication
- 7. a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
- 9. a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary