Across
- 1. The average number of children born to women of childbearing age in a population during their reproductive years, usually expressed as births per woman.
- 10. Exchange between two or more parties of one entity or another.
- 11. Factors that compel or drive people to leave their current location and migrate to another, such as poverty, political instability, conflict, or environmental degradation.
- 13. The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the natural landscape, including built structures, land use patterns, agricultural practices, and symbolic features.
- 14. The sector of the economy that involves manufacturing, processing, and construction activities, transforming raw materials into finished goods and infrastructure.
- 16. The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, cultures, and societies through international trade, communication, and exchange.
- 17. The ratio of dependent population (children and elderly) to the working-age population, often used as an indicator of the economic burden on the workforce and social support systems.
- 19. The process of revitalization and renewal of urban neighborhoods, typically involving the influx of affluent residents, businesses, and investment, which may displace lower-income residents and alter the character of the area. Devolution: The transfer of political power and decision-making authority from a central government to regional or local authorities, often aimed at addressing regional disparities, promoting cultural autonomy, or accommodating minority interests.
- 23. The unplanned and often uncontrolled outward expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural and natural landscapes, characterized by low-density development, automobile dependency, and fragmented land use.
- 24. The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale, typically accompanied by technological advancement, economic growth, and social change.
- 25. The sector of the economy that involves providing services, including retail, healthcare, education, finance, transportation, and tourism.
- 27. A shared cultural heritage, including language, religion, customs, and traditions, that typically distinguishes one group of people from another.
- 28. A very large urban agglomeration with a population exceeding ten million inhabitants, typically characterized by rapid population growth, economic activity, and social complexity.
- 29. The movement of people from one place to another, usually with the intention of settling permanently or temporarily in a new location.
- 30. The concept that technological advances in transportation and communication have reduced the perceived distance between places, leading to accelerated movement of people, goods, and information across space and time.
Down
- 2. Sustainable tourism that promotes environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and community development, often involving nature-based activities and responsible travel practices.
- 3. The transitional zone between urban and rural areas where urban and agricultural land uses mix, often characterized by suburban development, agriculture, and open space.
- 4. The maximum population size that an environment or ecosystem can sustainably support given its available resources, technology, and environmental conditions.
- 5. The process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and urban areas.
- 6. The spread of cultural beliefs, practices, customs, and ideas from one society or group to another through contact, exchange, and interaction.
- 7. The sector of the economy that involves the extraction and production of raw materials, such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and quarrying.
- 8. The number of deaths occurring in a population within a specified period, often expressed as deaths per thousand individuals per year.
- 9. The statistical study of populations, including their size, structure, and distribution, as well as changes over time due to births, deaths, and migration.
- 12. A composite measure of well-being and development that combines indicators of life expectancy, education, and income to assess the overall quality of life in a country.
- 15. The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often involving environmental, social, and economic considerations.
- 18. Factors that attract or draw people to a new location and influence migration decisions, such as job opportunities, better living conditions, education, or family reunification.
- 20. The science and art of mapmaking, including the study of map design, projection techniques, and geographic representation.
- 21. A political entity consisting of a defined territory inhabited by a population with a common identity, culture, and government.
- 22. The number of people living per unit of area, usually expressed as persons per square kilometer or square mile.
- 26. The authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions within its own borders without interference from external sources.