Across
- 3. One of the 15 major language families. Large group of languages that all descended from a language spoken 6,000 years ago. Nearly half of the worlds population speaks one of the languages of the Indo European family.
- 7. A prehistoric unrecorded language that was the ancestor of all Indo-European languages
- 9. The collapsing of two language into one.
- 11. A regional variety of a language, with differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation; also a form of a language spoken by members of a particular social class or profession
- 12. Place name
- 15. Slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin
- 16. The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.
- 18. A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.
- 21. Countries in which only one language is spoken
- 23. Countries in which more than one language is spoken
- 24. The everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language)
- 25. The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.
- 28. A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.
- 29. New languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects
Down
- 1. A language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade with each other.
- 2. A technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to re-create the language that preceded it.
- 4. A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.
- 5. The tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants backward toward the original language
- 6. A set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics
- 8. A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.
- 10. A system of words used in a particular discipline
- 13. A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family.
- 14. An extinct language that is brought back into society. Example: Hebrew post WW2
- 17. The theory that early Proto-Indo-European speakers spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues
- 19. A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago.
- 20. The core of a pre-Proto-Indo-European language
- 22. A language used commonly around the world
- 26. A common language used by speakers of different languages
- 27. A set of contiguous dialects in which the dialects nearest to each other at any place in the chain are most closely related